The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (EPSTEM) is a reviewed scholarly online international journal. The manuscripts which are accepted for publication in the EPSTEM are invited from the conferences. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (EPSTEM) welcomes any research papers on technology, engineering and basic sciences using techniques from and applications in any technical knowledge domain: original theoretical works, literature reviews, research reports, and review articles. The articles should be original, unpublished, and not in consideration for publication elsewhere at the time of submission to the EPSTEM. The full paper versions of the conference papers are published in the EPSTEM. The EPSTEM is published in July, August, September, October, November and December. The full paper versions of the conference papers are published in the EPSTEM. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (EPSTEM) is indexed or abstracted in Scopus, Google Scholar, Scientific Indexing Services, Directory of Research Journals Indexing, ASOS index.
ISRES Publishing - International Society for Research in Education and Science (ISRES)
Understanding Technology Acceptance Among Healthcare Employees: A Quantitative Assessment for Hospitals
This study examines technology acceptance levels of healthcare employees in digital hospital settings, focusing on how individual and occupational characteristics influence the adoption and effective use of health information technologies. Using a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 600 healthcare professionals and administrative staff who actively use hospital information systems, electronic health records, and related digital applications. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0, and non-parametric statistical tests were applied due to the non-normal distribution of the variables. The findings indicate no statistically significant differences in technology acceptance by gender, whereas significant differences were observed across age groups, education levels, years of work experience, and professional roles. Technology acceptance and its subdimensions perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention were found to increase with higher age, educational attainment, and professional experience. Employees with advanced education and longer professional tenure demonstrated more positive attitudes toward digital technologies and stronger intentions to use them in their daily work practices. Differences were also evident between clinical and administrative staff, suggesting that professional responsibilities and workflow structures shape perceptions of technology. The results highlight that technology acceptance varies significantly according to certain individual and occupational characteristics and cannot be explained by a single demographic factor alone. Overall, the findings indicate that technology acceptance in digital hospitals is not limited solely to technical infrastructure; rather, it is a multidimensional and socio-technical process shaped by individual and professional factors such as age, educational level, professional experience, and occupational group. These results emphasize the importance of targeted training programs, user-centered system design, and organizational support strategies to enhance technology acceptance. By addressing the diverse needs and expectations of different employee groups, healthcare organizations can improve the effective integration of digital technologies and support the success of digital transformation initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2026 The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technical and Economic Analysis of an Absorption Chiller
The research conducted includes a technical and economic analysis of an absorption chiller used for cooling a hotel in the city of Plovdiv - Bulgaria. The main objectives of the analysis are: to establish whether the project is profitable or not; to provide an opportunity to compare different project options; to provide information to a bank or other financing institution as to whether the financial indicators of the project satisfy its requirements for financing such a project. The following are determined: investment costs for the project, energy costs during operation of the installation, operating costs during operation of the installation. Based on this, annual energy savings, simple payback period of the installation, net present value, net present value coefficient, payback period and internal rate of return of the installation were calculated. An energy-economic analysis was performed using the "full cost" method of absorption and vapor-compressor water chillers. The analysis shows that for the specific site; the absorption chiller is a more energy-efficient air conditioning solution than a chiller operating on the principle of a vapor-compressor refrigeration machine.
Prediction of Accidents Using Artificial Neural Networks in North Cyprus
When compared to global traffic catastrophes, North Cyprus road system ranks among the safest up to the current fiscal quarter of 2025. Considering an approximate estimate of about 1.3 million deaths and millions of non-fatal injuries which are caused by road accidents each year, making them a serious public health concern, it is challenging to anticipate and avoid traffic accidents on new road segments due to a multitude of subjective and objective factors. With minimal data sets at disposal, artificial neural networks (ANN) have proven to be successful in forecasting traffic accidents. Therefore, it is crucial to properly evaluate the pertinent hazards. A methodology for creating an accident risk prediction model that can be utilized as a tool for infrastructure management decision-making is presented in this study. These models use easily determined objective factors, such as road length, terrain type, road width, average daily traffic volume, and speed limit The approach makes it possible to handle the supplied data appropriately, looks at how it can be utilized to create models using artificial neural networks (ANNs), and establishes a methodical ANN optimization procedure to find the best ANN model architecture. The approach is applied using accident count data as a result, it is essential to accurately assess the relevant risks. This paper presents an approach for developing an accident risk prediction model that can be used as a tool for infrastructure management decision-making. The method offers a systematic ANN optimization process to determine the optimal ANN model architecture, making it feasible to handle the provided data effectively, and examines how it may be used to develop models using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The method is used with data on the number of accidents on North Cyprus road
Assessment of the Hydrodynamic Motions of a Floating Dock After Modernization
The article examines the hydrodynamic motions of a modernized floating dock. In the context of modernization, this consists of extending the dock structure without changes to its cross-section, structural configuration, structural elements, or their geometric characteristics. The modernization aims to increase the dock's load-carrying capacity, which affects its operational performance and is an important aspect of the ship-docking process. Two of the six degrees of freedom of the floating body—sway (lateral motion) and pitch (longitudinal rocking)—are evaluated and analyzed. These two motions, representing the corresponding degrees of freedom during dock operation, are assessed both before and after the modification. An analysis is carried out to determine the extent of the changes and whether they have a direct impact on the operational performance of the structure. The results indicate that after the modification, there is a change in the hydrodynamic characteristics of the dock, more specifically in the roll and pitch motions.
Harmonic Injection Scenarios for Enhanced DC-Link Utilization in Seven-Phase VSI-Fed Motor Drives
Multiphase motor drives have enjoyed a lot of attention because they have a higher credibility of reliability, less torque ripple, and flexible fault tolerance as opposed to the conventional three-phase systems. Specifically, the seven-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) fed motor drives give extra modulation design and harmonic control degrees of freedom. But conventional sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) will restrict the fundamental voltage actually available in the linear modulation area and can result in poor harmonic performance at high modulation. The paper includes a comparative systematic investigation of harmonic injection pulse width modulation strategies of a two-level seven-phase VSI to serve a seven-phase motor drive. A number of injection cases are studied such as single harmonic injection (3rd , 5th and 7th ), combined harmonic injections and triple harmonic injected. Effects of each configuration are considered with regard to the maximum possible fundamental modulation index, total harmonic distortion (THD) of the phase voltage, and a voltage based torque ripple index (TRI). Generalized reference waveform formulation that involves the ability to choose harmonic amplitude and phase shifts is created and provided in MATLAB to assess performance comprehensively. The outcomes of the simulation prove that low-order harmonic injection, the third and the fifth harmonics in particular, can effectively enhance the utilization of the DC-link voltages by flatting the peaks of the reference waveform and expanding the linear modulation range. There is however, an increase in harmonic distortion and torque ripple. Conversely, seventh harmonic injection displays insignificant effect on fundamental voltage enhancement and has lowest THD and TRI since it is basically a common-mode phenomenon in seven-phase systems. The results obtained indicate a definite trade-off between DC-link utilization and quality of the waveforms positioned at the significance of choosing a suitable harmonic injection strategy based on the requirement of the application.
Assessment of Fracture Properties in Lime-Pumice Mortars Through the Utilization of Various Specimen Types
Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) were initially applied to cementitious materials by Kaplan in 1961, followed by Kesler and his colleagues in 1972. The latter group found that LEFM was inadequate for concrete. This limitation stems from the relatively inelastic region found in quasi-brittle materials, such as concrete mixtures, rocks, and bituminous substances, which are significantly and completely fractured in advance of the crack tip. As a result, many researchers have developed non-Hookean fracture mechanics methodologies to accurately describe fracture-dominated failures in quasi-brittle structures. In this investigation, beams and single-notch cube bending (SNCB) specimens with three distinct initial crack lengths were fabricated to ascertain the fracture parameters of lime-pumice mortars. All specimens, featuring a maximum aggregate diameter of 4 mm, were maintained wrapped in stretch film within the mold for 28 days, after which they underwent three-point bending tests. The fracture parameters of the mixtures were assessed using the modified peak load method, which was recently formulated to evaluate the fracture characteristics of TPM.
A Variable Neighborhood Search-Based GIS for Real-Time Health Service Distribution to Disabled and Chronic Patients in Disaster and Emergency Scenarios
This study presents a real-time Geographic Information System (GIS) enhanced with a Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm to optimize the distribution of health services for disabled and chronically ill patients during disasters. The system solves a multi-vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW), where patient priority is dynamically assigned based on medical urgency and vulnerability. The framework integrates Google Maps APIs for geospatial services, a full-stack application built with Node.js and React, and MongoDB for data management. The VNS-based optimization module minimizes total travel distance and vehicle count while prioritizing critical cases. Experiments using an augmented Solomon C101 dataset show that the proposed method reduces total distance by 18.7% and vehicle requirements by 21.4%, while serving high-priority patients 32% faster compared to Genetic Algorithm and First-Come-First-Served benchmarks. The research contributes a functional web-GIS platform for real-time emergency coordination and demonstrates the effectiveness of metaheuristic VNS in dynamic healthcare logistics. The system offers a scalable decision-support tool to improve response equity and efficiency in crisis scenarios. Future work will integrate IoT patient monitoring and multi-objective optimization.
A Comparative Study of Controller Performance in Five-Phase Induction Motor Drives
In many applications where lowering the per-phase power draw while maintaining high system reliability is crucial, multiphase machines are increasingly seen as an attractive alternative to traditional three-phase machines. This trend has been strongly supported by recent research in the field. Fuzzy control techniques have proven effective for handling complex systems, but they often struggle when parameters change significantly over a broad range. Our work tackles this limitation through an adaptive fuzzy controller. In the context of vector-controlled induction motor drives and a five-phase asynchronous machine, the proposed approach deploys a control behavior model (CBM) to ensure robust performance even under abrupt load changes, rotor resistance variations and altered rotor inertia. Simulation results confirm that the adaptive fuzzy controller outperforms both standard fuzzy logic control and classical controllers, particularly in extreme parameter cases (e.g., Rr = 200 % Rrn, Lm = 0.8 × Lmn and J = 200 % J=n).
Experimental Investigation on Tensile Property of Carbon Reinforced Composite Produced with Vacuum Bagging
In this study, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites (CFRP) were manufactured using the Vacuum Bagging Method (VBM). Twill woven carbon fibers with an areal weight of 245 g/m² were employed as the reinforcement material. The composite laminates were fabricated with a five-layer symmetric stacking sequence of [0]₅. Tensile tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D3039 standards to evaluate mechanical properties, specifically tensile strength and elastic modulus. Furthermore, the fracture surfaces of the tested specimens were examined via fractographic analysis. The experimental results revealed that fiber orientation significantly influences the mechanical behavior of CFRP laminates. Specimens tested along the 0° fiber direction exhibited substantially higher tensile strength and modulus values compared to those tested at a 30° orientation. Fractographic analysis indicated that the 0° oriented samples showed predominantly brittle fracture characteristics, whereas specimens with a 30° orientation demonstrated more ductile behavior through shear-induced deformation. These findings underscore the critical role of fiber orientation in determining the mechanical performance and failure mechanisms of CFRP laminates.
Electro-Fenton Oxidation for Degradation of Direct Red Organic Pollutants Using Stainless Steel and Iron Electrodes
The most common pollutant in industrial wastewater is organic compounds. Traditional wastewater treatment systems do not remove effect of toxic and effect of dangerous pollutants from the wastewater. The newest and most powerful method for treating wastewater from organic pollutants is the electro-Venton method, and it is considered an environmentally friendly method. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Minitab-17 method were used to study the impact of operational parameters such as current (0.5-2 mA), electrolysis duration (10–30 min), and Hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.0003 –0.0015 M). The pH, agitation speed, and the sodium chloride solution were all adjusted to 250 rpm, 3 g, and 0.25 g, respectively. Pollutants and their intermediate reaction products were found to be promptly eliminated and mineralized. When the operating variables were tuned, more than 98% of organic material removal efficiency and 39.67 kWh/m3 energy consumption were attained.
Copyright (c) 2025 The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advanced Multiple Sclerosis Data Analysis Using Intensity-Guided Skull Removal and Level Set Method for Enhanced Accuracy
Edge detection and segmentation are an important medical image processing task based on many mathematical frameworks like level set method. It provides many advancements over conventional approaches, including the ability to handle complicated topological changes. Efficient differentiation of the lesions associated with multiple sclerosis from medical imaging is vital for the diagnosis and management of many clinical diseases. This study introduces a method to automatically segmenting lesions using an adaptive thresholding followed by a level-set method. The suggested approach tried to help solve the difficulties caused by intensity inhomogeneity, which typically occures in magnetic resonance images of multiple secleroses lesions. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is efficient, which shows good improvements in segmentation accuracy and outlining lesion boundaries. The integration of adaptive thresholding in the pre-processing stage helped in edge enhancement, resulting in more efficient edge detection in the second step. The sensitivity of the suggested method was 0.923. which means that this method is helpful for lesion detection. while, specificity is 0.936, which means this method is accurate in identifying non-lesion areas. The Dice Coefficient, which measures the overlap between the segmented lesions and the ground truth around 0.994, which is quite good. This study tried to enhance the dominion of medical image analysis by introducing a new method for the automatic segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions from magnetic resonance images. This technique provided valuable support to clinicians in enhancing the precision of disease evaluation and treatment planning.
The Mechanical and Physical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced with Standard Steel Fiber and Recycled Fiber from Tires
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a promising material in the field of civil engineering because they have unique properties of high stiffness and strength, light weight, and good thermal conductivity. In this research, two parameters were studied. First one, 0.01% and 0.03% of MWCNTs (Taking as a proportion of the weight of cement) were added to reactive powder concrete. The second parameter was steel reinforcements where standard synthetic steel fiber was added to specified mixes and recycled waste tire wire was added to other mixes), to look into how they affect the mechanical and physical properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC). Cement has been partially replaced by silica fume because it is a key ingredient in RPC. The findings indicated that adding 0.03% carbon nanotubes increased the splitting tensile strength (SS), compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) by 20.09%,4.85% and 24%, respectively, of the standard steel fiber-reinforced RPC. Using recycled waste tire gives results that are close to those of standard manufactured steel fibers. The adding of 0.03% of MWCNTs and the recycled waste tire wire (RSFT) were improved the mechanical properties of RPC.
Laboratory Evaluation of Sustainable Asphalt Mix Using Bottom Ash and Styrene Butadiene Styrene
The increasing demand for sustainable road construction materials has prompted researchers to explore alternative methods for modifying bitumen to improve pavement performance while enhancing environmental sustainability. This research aims to evaluate the effect of using Bottom Ash (BA) as a bitumen modifier along with Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of hot mix asphalt (HMA). The effect on Marshall Stability, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR), and rutting resistance was evaluated using a Wheel Tracking Test (WTT). The results showed that using 5% BA and 4% SBS improved the performance of the asphalt. The Marshall Stability value increased by 33.65% compared to the unmodified mixture, indicating a significant improvement in load resistance. While the unconditional value of the (ITS) test increase by 32.46% compared to the unmodified mixture, the conditional value (after water immersion) increased by 54.16% compared to the unmodified mixture, indicating an improvement in moisture resistance. The TSR test results confirmed that the modified mixture achieved a 16.39% increase compared to the unmodified mixture, indicating high resistance to moisture effects. In addition, the (WTT) results also showed a 53% reduction in wear depth compared to the unmodified mix, reflecting an improvement in the resistance to permanent deformations under repeated traffic loads.BA is recommended for use with SBS because it significantly improves the mechanical performance of the asphalt mix. It provides an economical and sustainable solution by using recycled industrial waste, reducing reliance on virgin raw materials, and enhancing the durability of asphalt pavement in the face of harsh environmental and traffic conditions.
Numerical Investigation of Thermal - Hydraulic Performance of a Solar Air Heater Duct with Transverse W-Shaped Rib Turbulators
One of the effective methods that can be employed to enhance the performance of the solar thermal air heater is texturing of the absorber surface using the rib roughness. The alteration facilitates the heat transfer by the generation of turbulence and surface area increases. To analyze the thermal performance of an optimized surface roughness solar-powered air heater, the article provides a 2D numerical model of an air heater. A solar air heater (SAH) duct with W-shaped transverse ribs on an absorber plate made of two opposing right-triangular ribs are studied in this current work concerning the thermo-fluid behavior. Notable results are the Nusselt number (Nu), the friction factor (f ), the thermo-hydraulic performance parameter (THPP) and distributions of fluid properties. In the computational analysis, various roughness and flow conditions are investigated, i.e. the Reynolds number (Re =6,000-18,000), non-dimensional pitch (P/e =7.14-17.86) with non-dimensional height (e/D =0.042) remaining constant. The optimum value of THPP was achieved with the suggested rib arrangement at P/e=10.71 and Re=6000. The ribbed surface has significant improvements in thermal performance, where the values of Nu have improved by 228% of smooth ducts. However, this enhancement is coupled with increased hydraulic resistance especially in the region of P/e=7.14 and Re=18,000 where the friction factor rises to 4.18 times the amount of smooth ducts.
Impact of Duct Position on Behavior of High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Flat Slab
Structural and architectural designers consider flat floors as preferable slab systems in medium-rise buildings. The ability of this slab system to incorporating ducts enhancing its functional efficiency. However, incorporated ducts impacting flow of the interior forces and reducing the slab stiffness, most notably when the ducts pass near columns. İn addition to brittle nature of high-strength concrete. Therefore, the shear resistance significantly reduced and the risk of brittle punching failure highly increased. Thus, the main goal was to evaluate the behavior of the punching shear for flat slabs composed of high-strength concrete that incorporates built-in ducts. For this purpose, six two-way slab specimens were fabricated with a duct, and one solid specimen served as a control specimen. Two main parameters were studied: the distance of the duct opening to the face of the column over horizontal distances of 0, 50, and 100 mm for two types of opening (30 × 100 mm) and (50 × 100 mm), and the duct height with two values of 30 and 50 mm. The outcomes indicate that shear behavior was negatively affected as the duct moved closer to the column face and as duct height increased. The ultimate load capacity decreased most at the column face, by up to 42.1%. Serviceability worsened in both parameters of the study, particularly as the duct was closer to the column face and the duct height increased. Additionally, duct deflection increased significantly, and specimens often failed to meet the service load requirements. The toughness generally declined with both closer proximity and greater duct height. The most severe reductions occurred at the 0 mm position, where toughness dropped by over 50% in both 30 mm and 50 mm duct height specimens. All slab specimens, including a solid control specimen, exhibited the exact failure mechanism, known as punching failure.
Mechanical and Volumetric Changes of Sustainable Lightweight Fibrous Concrete with Fine Recycled Aggregate and Silica Fume
This study presents an experimental program aimed at producing durable and sustainable lightweight concrete using lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) as coarse aggregate, With the completely replacement of fine aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate. To enhance the quality of the cementitious matrix and its long-term behavior, 15% silica fume and 1% steel fiber were incorporated into the mixtures. Five mixtures were prepared with a water to cement ratio of 0.4: NFA-based mix and four modified mixes with the addition of silica fume, steel fibers or a combination of both. Mechanical properties and durability were evaluated through several tests including compression strength, tensile strength, dry density, water absorption, dry shrinkage and wet expansion which were evaluated at two curing ages of 28 and 90 days. The findings indicate that the use of RFA as a full replacement for NFA led to a noticeable reduction (about 15%) in strength at 28 days. The use of steel fibers improved the splitting tensile strength by up to 20% compared to the control mixture. The combined effect of blending SL and MSF demonstrated a substantial enhancement in the mechanical performance. The compressive and tensile strengths increased by approximately 13% and 33%, respectively, at 90 days. Using silica fume together with steel fiber effectively reduced the elevated water absorption typically observed in mixture containing RFA. In addition, the blend showed reduced volumetric change, with reductions of 26% in shrinkage and 41% in expansion. The results showed the effectiveness of the use of pozzolan materials and fibers in the development of SLWC using recycled aggregates while improving durability and strength.
Bond Performance of Concrete-To-HPC Interface for Different Surface Profiles Using Slant and Bi-Surface Shear Test
Concrete structures are usually used in all construction fields. However, it is exposed to cracking and corrosion over time, especially when exposed to harsh conditions. This requires continuous repairs to ensure the structure’s functionality, durability, and safety. High-Performance Concrete (HPC), is one of the best concretes which used for repairing. This study was conducted to assess the influence of different surfaces of normal concrete (NC) and the use of bonding agent on the adhesion strength of High-Performance Concrete (HPC). The trial work was based on a set of composite samples, where the substrate was made of (NC) and the cover layer was made of (HPC). A commercial bonding material (epoxy resin) was used to bond the NC with a smooth surface to the HPC layers of concrete. Three substrate surfaces were considered: a smooth surface, a smooth surface coated with epoxy, and a rough surface. The adhesion performance was evaluated through two tests: the slant bond test and the bi-surface test after 28 days of curing. DIC (digital technique correlation) was applied to notice the process of failure in specimens. The preliminary results showed that the bonding between the two types of concrete was very good. The best bonding strength was NC with the rough surface bonded by HPC, followed by the smooth surface-epoxy, and then the smooth surface by mean (5.83, 4.73, 3.92) respectively for the bi-surface test, and by mean (6.89, 5.68, 4.71) respectively for the slant bond test. However, further studies are needed to test more types of surfaces and different conditions
Structural Behavior of Self-Compacting Reinforced Concrete One-Way Slab with Recycled Glass or Plastic as A Fine Aggregate Under Repeated Loads
This paper deals with an experimental study on the structural performance of one-way slabs made of self-consolidation concrete (SCC) with waste plastic and glass as partial substitutes for fine aggregate. A substitution ratio of 33% was employed, and six slab samples measuring 700 mm by 100 mm by 1700 mm, with uniform reinforcement, were categorized into two groups, each including three samples. The initial group underwent static loading, and the subsequent group was subjected to repeated loading. Subsequently, they underwent testing, and the effect of the research factors was examined. The results indicate that the structural behavior of slabs, containing waste as a fine aggregate, is comparable to that performance slab with regular fine aggregates under monotonic and repeated loading. During static loading, the maximum load exhibited a reduction of about 0-3.33% alongside a decline in stiffness. The findings of the specimens submitted to repeated load exhibited variety; the maximum load was reduced by 13.46% with recycled plastic, while the slab with recycled glass increased by 5.77%. All samples exposed to repeated load demonstrated a diminished in ultimate load, stiffness, and ductility. relative to those exposed to monotonic load; slabs using recycled plastic showed a 22.41% decrease in load failure.
Cracking Resistance and Fracture Behavior of Modified Asphalt Mixtures
Cracking is a physical failure-finite in size—that occurs due to repeated loading by traffic, both traffic and environmental factors. In this study, the fracture and cracking resistance of glass fiber reinforced (SBS) polymer modified mixtures is analyzed. Four formulations were designed: Conventional Asphalt with and without GF (CA, CA-GF) and SBS modified asphalt with and without GF (SBS, SBS-GF). The performances under loading were evaluated on the basis of Marshall properties, ITS and SCB tests. Marshall stability of the modified SBS was 26% higher than that for those with GF, and the others were also improved by adding GF to CA mixture up to 22% and SBS mixture by 12.5%. The increase in ITS of SBS-modified asphalt reached to 93.4 % due to the addition of GF and up to about 23.5% using CA mixture and up to about 10% for SBS blend. The combination of SBS+GF showed the higher cracking tolerance (CT index = 239.755), this means that, both modified by SBS and reinforced by GF increased in CT Index with 71.7% and 18.8%, and when combined between CA/SBS's mixtures also represented an increase in CT index equal to 37%. indicating that ductility and fracture resistance were improved. The SCB test has also displayed improvement in Gf with (164.4%) when SBS modified asphalt, and densification by (22.5%) for CA and (30.1%) for SBS have been approximately achieved due to the fibrer glass additions. F Unsurprisingly, these findings indicate that incorporating SBS and GF together could effectively enhance asphalt pavement during service as well as its crack resistance, particularly at high stress and variable temperatures.
Improving the Efficiency of the Biological Treatment of Hospitals' Wastewater by Using MBBR with K1 and K3 Biofilm Carriers
The performance of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process was investigated using two different types of plastic carriers: K1 and K3, thereby enhancing the efficacy of biological treatment through biofilm development. The K3 carrier's geometric form was selected to reduce clogging and allow a simpler flow of organic matter and oxygen. Its internal openings are more homogeneous than those of the K1 carrier, and its specific surface area is greater than that. Laboratory-scale moving bed biofilm reactors were constructed from two identical volumes of a split 15L MBBR system. K1 carriers serviced one volume, while K3 carriers serviced the other with a 45% fill rate. A base aeration system provided oxygen, and automated sensors continuously monitored pH and temperature. After a period of acclimation for biofilm development, performance data were quantified and analyzed under standardized methods at steady-state. The results reveal that the K3 conveyor exceeded the K1 in all major performance standards. K3 eliminated 86% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 81% of the biological oxygen demand (BOD), compared to 83% and 74%, respectively, for K1. In addition, K3 eliminated more ammonia (NH₃), 85% compared to K1, 72%, and eliminated 72% of K1 and 82% of all the total suspended solids (TSS). Taking all the parameters into consideration, the heightened efficiency of the K3 conveyor is mainly a result of its enhanced flow dynamics and biofilm adhesion characteristics. These results suggest that K3 can be utilized as a substitute for installed treatment systems or implemented in newly built wastewater treatment plants. Analyzing carrier composition on lifespan and financial efficiency, along with integration of K3 with emerging treatment technologies such as membrane filtration and ultraviolet disinfection, will be beneficial for future research work. This research assists in the development of more sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment processes.
Laboratory Study on the Combined Effect of Novolac and SBS Polymers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt
With the growing need for sustainable and long-lasting paving materials, researchers have turned to innovative additives to improve the performance of bitumen and asphalt mixtures. Conventional bitumen often fails under heavy traffic loads and harsh climatic conditions, necessitating modification. This study aimed to improve the performance of bitumen and hot mix asphalt (HMA) by co-modifying them with a 4% styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer and varying ratios of novolac resin. The results offered that the optimum ratio was 2% Novolac with 4% SBS. The physical and mechanical properties were evaluated through penetration tests, softening point, penetration index, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), Marshall Stability tests, indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength ratio (TSR), and wheel tracking. The modified mixture offered an improvement in penetration index from -1.89 to +1.3, a 38.7% increase in stability, a 40.9% increase in indirect tensile strength (ITS), and a 66.2% increase in moisture resistance. In comparison, the depth of permanent deformation was reduced by 58%. These results indicate significant improvements in stability, moisture, and deformation resistance, making it a promising option for developing more efficient asphalt mixtures. It also aligns with sustainable construction goals by reducing the need for frequent maintenance and extending pavement life.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Passive Cooling Techniques with Perforated Fins for Photovoltaic Modules
High temperatures in tropical regions during summer affect the electrical efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels, as the efficiency of PV panels decreases with increasing cell surface temperature. An experimental and numerical study was conducted to enhance the efficiency of PV panels by passively cooling them with 110 mm high perforated fins. The test was conducted in the hot Iraqi summer weather for three consecutive days in May 2025. The results showed an improvement in the temperature of the fin-cooled panel compared to the reference panel by up to 15.6%, impacted by both air speed and air temperature, and an improvement in electrical current by up to 7.4%.
Prosthetic Finger Design for Partial Hand Amputees: A Five-Bar Linkage Approach
The passive prosthetic finger is designed, modeled, and functional tested with the five-bar closed-loop linkage mechanism for partial hand amputees. The prosthesis is designed with parametric CAD modeling, forward kinematic analysis, and hybrid manufacturing techniques. One single input with one actuation point gives controlled motion to a geometrically constrained mechanism without the need for motors or electronics. Materials used are biocompatible and resistant: 316L stainless steel and carbon fiber composite. Kinematic simulations proved a stable angular displacement (64.5° - 67.5°) and homogeneous velocity and acceleration profiles with loads of 0 to 100 N. The device was efficient, well-distributed with a little deformation. Functional tests like the Jebsen–Taylor and Box & Block tests proved the prosthesis's capability of performing dexterous tasks involving precision. The whole and under $200 budget cost for fabrication of the device made it worth using in low-resource places. These results support the five-bar linkage as a mechanically effective, anatomically accurate passive prosthetic solution. This is also inexpensive compared to costly myoelectric devices and promises of widespread clinical use.
Experimental Determination of the Influence of Perforation of Adherend to the Adhesive Bond Strength
The growth of different types of industrialization technology led to the appearance of several types of effective adhesives with perfect intensity and durability that can be used with different types of joints. As a result, the adhesive properties and work conditions play an indispensable role in determining the kind of application for which the adhesive can be used. This study deals with the experimental work of two types of adherends, pereforation and non-pereforation adherents, with a specific focus on one type of adhesion. To conduct the examination, two types of standard tests, D2095–96 and D-1002-99, were used in the single lap and Butt joint tests, respectively, to accomplish all tests. The results show that the ability of the perforation surfaces to enhance the strength is better than the non-perforated adherent while maintaining the flexibility. Thus, the research conducted substantial points about these kinds of surfaces and recommended the essential points to choose the suitable type of adherend.
Behaviour of Fibre-Reinforced Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Recycled Brick Aggregate and Silica Fume
Growing of the attention in sustainable construction materials has driven the advancement of lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC), including recycled materials. The present study investigates the fresh and mechanical performance of LWSCC incorporating lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) as coarse aggregate and with complete substitution of natural fine aggregate (NFA) by fine recycled brick aggregate (FRBA). Micro steel fibres (MSF) at 0.5% and 1% volume fractions and silica fume (SF) at 15% cement replacement were introduced. Five different mixes of LWSCC were prepared with the water-to-cement ratio fixed at 0.40. Fresh properties were evaluated using by utilization slump flow, T₅₀₀ time, and L-box tests, while mechanical properties were estimated after 28 days through compressive and splitting tensile strength tests. Dry density and water absorption were also measured in this experimental study. The results presented that full replacement of NFA with FRBA will reduce the strength by an average of 34% compared to the control mix with only NFA. However, incorporation of 0.5% and 1% micro steel fibres (MSF) led to developments in compressive strength of 15.7% and 26.0%, respectively, although the tensile strength improved in 39.1% and 63.4% related to the FRBA reference mix. Similarity, the addition of the silica fume (SF) at 15% resulted in enhancements of 9.4% and 7.4% in particular compressive and tensile strength, identifying it’s a positive effect on matrix densification and strength recovery in FRBA-based mixtures. All LWSCC mixes remained within acceptable limits of requirements of the structural lightweight concrete, with dry density below 1850 kg/m³. Water absorption increased with adding of FRBA but was significantly reduced with MSF and SF, reaching as low as 5.60%. All mixes satisfied EFNARC (2005) criteria for flowability, though MSF slightly increased viscosity. Combined use of the recycled aggregates, steel fibres, and silica fume was verified to be an effective approach for producing sustainable LWSCC with satisfactory strength and workability for practical applications.
High-Strength Lightweight Silica Fume Concrete with Fine Recycled Aggregate and Steel Fiber
Sustainable lightweight concrete presents a promising solution for reducing environmental pollution caused by construction and demolition waste. This study focuses on developing high-strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC) using lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) as coarse aggregate and fully replacing natural fine aggregate (NFA) with recycled fine aggregate (RFA). To enhance performance of the produced mixes, 15% silica fume and varying contents of micro steel fibers (0.5% and 1%) were incorporated. Seven concrete mixtures were prepared with a low water to cement (w/c) ratio of 0.25 and tested at 28 days to evaluate slump flow, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, density, and water absorption. The results revealed that using 100% RFA reduced compressive strength from 54.5 MPa to 45.7 MPa and splitting tensile strength from 4.67 MPa to 4.03 MPa. However, the inclusion of 1% steel fibers compensated for this reduction, raising compressive strength to 55.1 MPa and splitting tensile strength to 5.89 MPa. Further enhancement was observed when silica fume was combined with steel fibers, resulting in a maximum compressive strength of 58.1 MPa and a splitting tensile strength of 6.11 MPa. These values exceeded those of the reference mix made with NFA. The combined use of silica fume and steel fibers led to the most effective improvement, producing sustainable HSLWC with superior mechanical performance, reduced water absorption, acceptable workability, and structural lightweight density
Evaluation of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of a Reinforced Thermosetting Polymer with Glass Fiber and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
This study has been explored the enhancement of the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of a polymeric matrix by incorporating fiberglass, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and also, their hybrid combinations. Composite materials have been fabricated with different filler concentrations and have been evaluated for tensile strength, thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The results have shown that the addition of 3 wt% of the glass fibers has significantly increased the compressive strength by approximately 29%, while 3 wt% of the MWCNT effectively maintains the tensile strength and significantly improves the thermal conductivity and dimensional stability. The incorporation of the MWCNT has increased the thermal conductivity by 125% and has significantly decreased the CTE, indicating limited mobility of the polymer chain, and has improved the thermal performance. Conversely, the hybrid composites did not exhibit synergistic effects and often performed poorly compared to the single-reinforcement systems. Because of the poor dispersion and agglomeration of nanoparticles, in addition to interface mismatch, the results for each type of reinforcement demonstrated distinct advantages and emphasized the need for improved processing strategies to achieve functional synergies in hybrid nanocomposite materials for various applications.
A Real-Time Fall Detection Framework Using Vision Transformer and LSTM for Elderly People
For older people and people with limited mobility, falls are a major hazard and they can result in life-altering injuries and hospitalizations. An efficient fall detection system can improve the patient care by decreasing the time to intervention. We hereby introduce the Fall Detection framework based on Deep Learning that employs Vision Transformers (ViT) network for spatial feature extraction and LSTM networks (Long Short-Term Memory) modeling of the temporal sequence. The system can analyze the video clips to classify Event Fall and Not fall. Events majorly up to 99% accuracy level. We developed a lightweight and a modular architecture in Python which is optimized for speed and real-time processing using TensorFlow and Pytorch. The UR Fall Detection Dataset is comprised of labeled video sequences of simulating falls video sequences & has been used to perform evaluation. The model achieved an impressive 98.45% accuracy on fall detection, and its high generalization ability and low false detection rate were ascertained. In addition, a web interface for video upload was developed, enabling remote monitoring and real-time alerts, thus rendering the system ready for adoption in healthcare centers, assisted living facilities, and smart homes. By combining state-of-the-art techniques in vision and sequencing modeling, this system offers a non-invasive alternative for long-term monitoring of subjects.
PhisNet: Intelligent Detection of Phishing
Phishing and fraud attacks continue to be common in the cybersecurity environment, as criminals use URLs and email messages. Here we conduct a side-by-side evaluation of two transformer-based machine learning techniques to identify phishing. BERT-LSTM model that focuses on spotting email phishing. Combined RoBERTa and Attension model that aims to detect URL phishing. With email phishing detection, the proposed BERT-BiLSTM model with an attention mechanism achieved 98.7% accuracy by efficiently utilizing linguistic metadata and structural properties of emails that extract and combine discrim- inative content from emails and focus on key details required to complete the classification. So, for detecting the URL, the hybrid- RoBERTa model was achieved 93% accuracy. On the other hand, confirming our hypothesis that semantic patterns in URLs are crucial to detection. Furthermore, it should be recognized that transformer models outperformed all traditional machine learning models in every domain, exhibiting incredible recall superiority for advanced phishing strategies. Further analysis of feature importance indicated URL entropy and email sentiment features as the prominent discriminators. These results lay down the foundation for layered active systems to thwart phishing attacks by guiding the implementation of RoBERTa hybrids for web traffic filtering and a motion-controlled BERT-LSTM operation.
Bit Error Rate Analysis of Adaptive Modulation Techniques in Power Line Communication Channels
The aim of this paper is to emulate through simulation example two simulation models developed in MATLAB to investigate how modulation schemes and error correction techniques affect Bit Error Rate (BER) performance under different noise scenarios. The first model examines Forward Error Correction (FEC) effect on the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) / Power Line Communication (PLC) fading scenarios. An outcome indicates that FEC results are weakly enhanced, and BER stabilizes near 0.498 in various Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR). But the colored noise filtering and multipath propagation, particularly in QPSK and 16-QAM showed marginal BER improvements. The second model discusses adaptive modulation in impulsive noise. The results indicate the following: although BER is normally decreased by increasing SNR, impulse noise may increase it up to approximately 0.5. When this happens, FEC allows higher order-modulations such as 64-QAM. Besides, BER decreased after the channel attenuation was reduced by a factor of 5 (from 1 to 0.2) to 0.462 not 0.423. Future research has concerned modeling time varying impulsive noise and quantifying PLC based impulsive noise sources in hybrid PLC-wireless networks and next-generation network structures.