Abdelmonem, A. M., & Amin, R. (2014). Rapid Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles using Pomegranate Polyphenols. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR).
Abimbola, A., Kolawole, A., Ajanaku, O., & Adeyemi, J. (2019). Combined green synthesis and theoretical study of Ag / Co nanoparticles from biomass materials. Applied Physics A, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2931-z
Amin, M. T., Alazba, A. A., & Manzoor, U. (2014). A review of removal of pollutants from water/wastewater using different types of nanomaterials. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/825910
Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S. K. (2016). Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(2), 71–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
Barrell, R. A., Hunter, P. R., & Nichols, G. (2000). Microbiological standards for water and their relationship to health risk. Communicable Disease and Public Health / PHLS.
Bohn, P. W., Elimelech, M., Georgiadis, J. G., Mariñas, B. J., Mayes, A. M., & Mayes, A. M. (2009). Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades. Nanoscience and Technology: A Collection of Reviews from Nature Journals, (March), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814287005_0035
Charannya, S., Duraivel, D., Padminee, K., Poorni, S., Nishanthine, C., & Srinivasan, M. R. (2018). Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles and 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate When Used Alone and in Combination Assessed Using Agar Diffusion Method: An In vitro Study. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 9(Suppl 2), S204–S209. https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_869_17
Forbes, B. A., Sahm, D. F., Weissfeld, A. S., & Bailey, W. R. (2007). Bailey & Scott’s diagnostic microbiology. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Mosby.
G. Gnana Jobitha, S. Rajeshkumar, G. Annadurai, & C. Kannan. (2013). Preparation and characterization of fruit-mediated silver nanoparticles using pomegranate extract and assessment of its antimicrobial activities. Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology, 3, J.Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 2, No. 1 (2013) pp. https://doi.org/10.13074/jent.2013.02.121023
GnanaJobitha, G., Shanmugam, R., Gurusamy, A., & Kannan, C. (2013). Preparation and Characterization of Fruit-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles using Pomegranate Extract and Assessment of its Antimicrobial Activities. Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology, 2, 4–10.
Griffiths, J. K. (2016). Waterborne Diseases. In International Encyclopedia of Public Health (Second Edi, Vol. 7). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803678-5.00490-2
Guzmán, K. A. D., Taylor, M. R., & Banfield, J. F. (2006). Environmental risks of nanotechnology: National nanotechnology initiative funding, 2000-2004. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(5), 1401–1407. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0515708
Haniff, M., Tamileswari, R., Jesurani, S., Samikannu, K., Hashim, M., Catherine, S., & Alexander, P. (2015). GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM POMEGRANATE (PUNICAGRANATUM) LEAVES AND ANALYSIS OF ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY.
Haniff Nisha, M., Tamileswari, R., & Jesurani, S. (2015). Analysis of Anti-Bacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles from Pomegranate (Punicagranatum) Seed and Peel Extracts. International Journal of Engineering Research And, V4. https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV4IS041104
Hoelzer, K., Cummings, K. J., Warnick, L. D., Schukken, Y. H., Siler, J. D., Grohn, Y. T., … Wiedmann, M. (2011). Agar disk diffusion and automated microbroth dilution produce similar antimicrobial susceptibility testing results for Salmonella serotypes Newport, Typhimurium, and 4,5,12:i-, but differ in economic cost. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 8(12), 1281–1288. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2011.0933
Jurenka, J. S. (2008). Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Alternative Medicine Review : A Journal of Clinical Therapeutic, 13(2), 128–144.
Klaine, S. J., Alvarez, P. J. J., Batley, G. E., Fernandes, T. F., Handy, R. D., Lyon, D. Y., … Lead, J. R. (2008). Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1897/08-090.1
Mocanu, A., Pasca, R. D., Tomoaia, G., Garbo, C., Frangopol, P. T., Horovitz, O., & Tomoaia-Cotisel, M. (2013). New procedure to synthesize silver nanoparticles and their interaction with local anesthetics. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 8, 3867–3874. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S51063
Morose, G. (2010). The 5 principles of “Design for Safer Nanotechnology.” Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(3), 285–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.10.001
Prüss-Üstün, A., & Corvalän, C. (2007). Preventing disease through healthy environments: Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 12(2), 115–116.
Rasalingam, S., Peng, R., & Koodali, R. T. (2014). Removal of hazardous pollutants from wastewaters: Applications of TiO 2-SiO2 mixed oxide materials. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/617405
Sadowski, Z. (2010). Biosynthesis and Application of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles. In Silver Nanoparticles (pp. 257–277). https://doi.org/10.5772/8508
Srinivasan, R., Karaoz, U., Volegova, M., MacKichan, J., Kato-Maeda, M., Miller, S., … Lynch, S. V. (2015). Use of 16S rRNA gene for identification of a broad range of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. PloS One, 10(2), e0117617. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117617
Efficiency of Silver Nanoparticles against Bacterial Contaminants Isolated from Water in Basra
The increased rates of morbidity and mortality due to contamination with pathological microorganisms that continuously develop antibiotic resistance has re-emphasized the need for alternative antimicrobial methodologies. Previous evidence showed such activity of Punica nanoparticles. The sources of microorganisms and plants are playing a major role in reduction of metallic nanoparticles such as silver, as it emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach in nanotechnology. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the potential antibacterial efficiency of silver nanoparticles obtained from pomegranate peel. Silver Punica nanoparticles with a size of 42 nm were prepared. The synthetized nanoparticles were analyzed by different techniques including UV-VisSpectrophotometer, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron Microscope. The potential of the silver Punica nanoparticles for water disinfection was examined on Enterobacter spp. isolated from Basra river. The results have shown that silver nanoparticles display a high antibacterial activity against bacterial contamination in the water samples of Basra river. In conclusion, nanotechnology provides an alternative solution to clean germs in water.
Abdelmonem, A. M., & Amin, R. (2014). Rapid Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles using Pomegranate Polyphenols. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR).
Abimbola, A., Kolawole, A., Ajanaku, O., & Adeyemi, J. (2019). Combined green synthesis and theoretical study of Ag / Co nanoparticles from biomass materials. Applied Physics A, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2931-z
Amin, M. T., Alazba, A. A., & Manzoor, U. (2014). A review of removal of pollutants from water/wastewater using different types of nanomaterials. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/825910
Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S. K. (2016). Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(2), 71–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
Barrell, R. A., Hunter, P. R., & Nichols, G. (2000). Microbiological standards for water and their relationship to health risk. Communicable Disease and Public Health / PHLS.
Bohn, P. W., Elimelech, M., Georgiadis, J. G., Mariñas, B. J., Mayes, A. M., & Mayes, A. M. (2009). Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades. Nanoscience and Technology: A Collection of Reviews from Nature Journals, (March), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814287005_0035
Charannya, S., Duraivel, D., Padminee, K., Poorni, S., Nishanthine, C., & Srinivasan, M. R. (2018). Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles and 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate When Used Alone and in Combination Assessed Using Agar Diffusion Method: An In vitro Study. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 9(Suppl 2), S204–S209. https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_869_17
Forbes, B. A., Sahm, D. F., Weissfeld, A. S., & Bailey, W. R. (2007). Bailey & Scott’s diagnostic microbiology. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Mosby.
G. Gnana Jobitha, S. Rajeshkumar, G. Annadurai, & C. Kannan. (2013). Preparation and characterization of fruit-mediated silver nanoparticles using pomegranate extract and assessment of its antimicrobial activities. Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology, 3, J.Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 2, No. 1 (2013) pp. https://doi.org/10.13074/jent.2013.02.121023
GnanaJobitha, G., Shanmugam, R., Gurusamy, A., & Kannan, C. (2013). Preparation and Characterization of Fruit-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles using Pomegranate Extract and Assessment of its Antimicrobial Activities. Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology, 2, 4–10.
Griffiths, J. K. (2016). Waterborne Diseases. In International Encyclopedia of Public Health (Second Edi, Vol. 7). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803678-5.00490-2
Guzmán, K. A. D., Taylor, M. R., & Banfield, J. F. (2006). Environmental risks of nanotechnology: National nanotechnology initiative funding, 2000-2004. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(5), 1401–1407. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0515708
Haniff, M., Tamileswari, R., Jesurani, S., Samikannu, K., Hashim, M., Catherine, S., & Alexander, P. (2015). GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM POMEGRANATE (PUNICAGRANATUM) LEAVES AND ANALYSIS OF ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY.
Haniff Nisha, M., Tamileswari, R., & Jesurani, S. (2015). Analysis of Anti-Bacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles from Pomegranate (Punicagranatum) Seed and Peel Extracts. International Journal of Engineering Research And, V4. https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV4IS041104
Hoelzer, K., Cummings, K. J., Warnick, L. D., Schukken, Y. H., Siler, J. D., Grohn, Y. T., … Wiedmann, M. (2011). Agar disk diffusion and automated microbroth dilution produce similar antimicrobial susceptibility testing results for Salmonella serotypes Newport, Typhimurium, and 4,5,12:i-, but differ in economic cost. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 8(12), 1281–1288. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2011.0933
Jurenka, J. S. (2008). Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Alternative Medicine Review : A Journal of Clinical Therapeutic, 13(2), 128–144.
Klaine, S. J., Alvarez, P. J. J., Batley, G. E., Fernandes, T. F., Handy, R. D., Lyon, D. Y., … Lead, J. R. (2008). Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1897/08-090.1
Mocanu, A., Pasca, R. D., Tomoaia, G., Garbo, C., Frangopol, P. T., Horovitz, O., & Tomoaia-Cotisel, M. (2013). New procedure to synthesize silver nanoparticles and their interaction with local anesthetics. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 8, 3867–3874. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S51063
Morose, G. (2010). The 5 principles of “Design for Safer Nanotechnology.” Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(3), 285–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.10.001
Prüss-Üstün, A., & Corvalän, C. (2007). Preventing disease through healthy environments: Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 12(2), 115–116.
Rasalingam, S., Peng, R., & Koodali, R. T. (2014). Removal of hazardous pollutants from wastewaters: Applications of TiO 2-SiO2 mixed oxide materials. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/617405
Sadowski, Z. (2010). Biosynthesis and Application of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles. In Silver Nanoparticles (pp. 257–277). https://doi.org/10.5772/8508
Srinivasan, R., Karaoz, U., Volegova, M., MacKichan, J., Kato-Maeda, M., Miller, S., … Lynch, S. V. (2015). Use of 16S rRNA gene for identification of a broad range of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. PloS One, 10(2), e0117617. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117617
Hassoon, H., Ahmed, M., & Qaddoorı, Y. (2019). Efficiency of Silver Nanoparticles against Bacterial Contaminants Isolated from Water in Basra. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, 7, 164-174.