A COMPARISON OF ECHO HIDING METHODS

Kadir Tekeli; Rifat Asliyan

Research Article

A COMPARISON OF ECHO HIDING METHODS

Year 2017, Issue: 1, 397 - 403, 09.11.2017

Kadir Tekeli Rifat Asliyan

Abstract

Echo-based data hiding algorithms are known to be very
popular in audio watermarking research. In this study, several echo kernels
such as single, bipolar, backward-forward, bipolar backward-forward and
time-spread, which are coded in Matlab, are compared in terms of robustness
against mp3 compression, imperceptibility and capacity. Mixer signals with
sinusoidal smoothing are used to improve imperceptibility. All kernels are
tested on the same audio database for a fair comparison. Importance of
parameters is discussed during comparison. Results show that bipolar
backward-forward echo kernel is more robust against compression and gives a
higher SNR (Signal-to-noise ratio).

Keywords

Audio steganography, watermarking, echo hiding

References

Anderson, R., & Petitcolas, F. (1998). On the limits of steganography. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(4), 474-481. Bender, W., Gruhl, D., & Morimoto, N. (1996). Techniques for data hiding. IBM Systems Journal, 35(3), 313-336. Chen, B., & Wornell, G.W. (2001). Quantization index modulation: a class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47(4), 1423-1443. Gruhl, D., Lu, A., & Bender, W. (1996). Echo hiding. Proceeding from the Information Hiding Workshop, 295-315. Kim, H.J., & Choi, Y.H. (2003). A novel echo-hiding scheme with backward and forward kernels. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 13(8), 885-889. Kirovski, D., & Malvar, H.S. (2001). Robust spread spectrum audio watermarking. Proceeding from the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 3, 1345-1348. Ko, B., Nishimura, R., & Suzuki, Y. (2005). Time-spread echo method for digital audio watermarking. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 7(2), 212-221. Oh, O.H., Seok, W.J., Hong, W.J., & Youn, H.D. (2001). New echo embedding technique for robust and imperceptible audio watermarking. Proceeding from ICASSP, 3, 1341-1344. Tekeli, K. (2017). Matlab Codes for Several Basic Audio Steganography Algorithms. Retrieved from https://github.com/ktekeli/audio-steganography-algorithms Wu, W.-C., & Chen, O. T.-C., (2006). Analysis-by-synthesis echo hiding scheme using mirrored kernels. Proceeding from IEEE International Conf on Acoustic, Speech & Signal Processing, II 325-II 328. Yeo, I.K., & Kim, H.J. (2003). Modified Patchwork Algorithm: A novel audio watermarking scheme. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 11, 381-386.

Year 2017, Issue: 1, 397 - 403, 09.11.2017

Kadir Tekeli Rifat Asliyan

Abstract

References

Anderson, R., & Petitcolas, F. (1998). On the limits of steganography. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(4), 474-481. Bender, W., Gruhl, D., & Morimoto, N. (1996). Techniques for data hiding. IBM Systems Journal, 35(3), 313-336. Chen, B., & Wornell, G.W. (2001). Quantization index modulation: a class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47(4), 1423-1443. Gruhl, D., Lu, A., & Bender, W. (1996). Echo hiding. Proceeding from the Information Hiding Workshop, 295-315. Kim, H.J., & Choi, Y.H. (2003). A novel echo-hiding scheme with backward and forward kernels. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 13(8), 885-889. Kirovski, D., & Malvar, H.S. (2001). Robust spread spectrum audio watermarking. Proceeding from the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 3, 1345-1348. Ko, B., Nishimura, R., & Suzuki, Y. (2005). Time-spread echo method for digital audio watermarking. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 7(2), 212-221. Oh, O.H., Seok, W.J., Hong, W.J., & Youn, H.D. (2001). New echo embedding technique for robust and imperceptible audio watermarking. Proceeding from ICASSP, 3, 1341-1344. Tekeli, K. (2017). Matlab Codes for Several Basic Audio Steganography Algorithms. Retrieved from https://github.com/ktekeli/audio-steganography-algorithms Wu, W.-C., & Chen, O. T.-C., (2006). Analysis-by-synthesis echo hiding scheme using mirrored kernels. Proceeding from IEEE International Conf on Acoustic, Speech & Signal Processing, II 325-II 328. Yeo, I.K., & Kim, H.J. (2003). Modified Patchwork Algorithm: A novel audio watermarking scheme. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 11, 381-386.

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Details

Subjects	Engineering
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Kadir Tekeli Rifat Asliyan
Publication Date	November 9, 2017
Published in Issue	Year 2017Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Tekeli, K., & Asliyan, R. (2017). A COMPARISON OF ECHO HIDING METHODS. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics(1), 397-403.