A Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Turbulent Schmidt Number on Numerical Prediction of Pollutant Dispersion within Street Canyons

Bouabdellah Abed; Abdelouahab Benzerdjeb; Mohamed-kamel Hamıdou

Research Article

A Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Turbulent Schmidt Number on Numerical Prediction of Pollutant Dispersion within Street Canyons

Year 2018, Issue: 4, 230 - 240, 04.12.2018

Bouabdellah Abed Abdelouahab Benzerdjeb Mohamed-kamel Hamıdou

Abstract

This
paper presents a numerical analysis on the effect of turbulent Schmidt number
on numerical prediction of pollutant dispersion within street canyons. Four
cases of idealised-2D street canyons were simulated with several modifications
to buildings geometry. The k – ε and RNG k – ε turbulence closure models have
been adopted for turbulence modeling and the accuracy of numerical predictions
has been examined by comparing calculated results with the available
wind-tunnel measurements. The simulation results showed that the turbulent
Schmidt number is a range of 0.1 to 1.3 that has some effect on
the prediction of pollutant dispersion in the street canyons. For each street
canyon configuration, an optimum value for turbulent Schmidt number was
determined which gives good agreement with the experimental results. In the
case of a flat roof canyon configuration (case-00), appropriate turbulent
Schmidt number of 0.6 is estimated using the k – ε model and of 0.5 using the RNG k – ε .

Keywords

Turbulence schmidt number, CFD simulation, Pollutant dispersion, Street canyons

References

Ahmad, K., Khare, M., & Chaudhry, K. K. (2005). Wind tunnel simulation studies on dispersion at urban street canyons and intersections—a review. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 93(9), 697-717. Allegrini, J., Dorer, V., & Carmeliet, J. (2014). Buoyant flows in street canyons: Validation of CFD simulations with wind tunnel measurements. Building and Environment, 72, 63-74. Assimakopoulos, V. D., ApSimon, H. M., & Moussiopoulos, N. (2003). A numerical study of atmospheric pollutant dispersion in different two-dimensional street canyon configurations. Atmospheric Environment, 37(29), 4037-4049. ANSYS-CFX. 16.2: CFX Modelling Guide & Theory Guide. ANSYS Help Viewer. Baik, J. J., Park, R. S., Chun, H. Y., & Kim, J. J. (2000). A laboratory model of urban street-canyon flows. Journal of applied meteorology, 39(9), 1592-1600. Baik, J. J., & Kim, J. J. (2002). On the escape of pollutants from urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 36(3), 527-536. Baker, C. J., & Hargreaves, D. M. (2001). Wind tunnel evaluation of a vehicle pollution dispersion model. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 89(2), 187-200. Blocken, B., Stathopoulos, T., Saathoff, P., & Wang, X. (2008). Numerical evaluation of pollutant dispersion in the built environment: comparisons between models and experiments. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96(10), 1817-1831. Caton, F., Britter, R. E., & Dalziel, S. (2003). Dispersion mechanisms in a street canyon. Atmospheric Environment, 37(5), 693-702. Chan, T. L., Dong, G., Leung, C. W., Cheung, C. S., & Hung, W. T. (2002). Validation of a two-dimensional pollutant dispersion model in an isolated street canyon. Atmospheric environment, 36(5), 861-872. Cui, P. Y., Li, Z., & Tao, W. Q. (2014). Investigation of Re-independence of turbulent flow and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyon using numerical wind tunnel (NWT) models. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 79, 176-188. Efthimiou, G. C., Berbekar, E., Harms, F., Bartzis, J. G., & Leitl, B. (2015). Prediction of high concentrations and concentration distribution of a continuous point source release in a semi-idealised urban canopy using CFD-RANS modeling. Atmospheric Environment, 100, 48-56. Flesch, T. K., Prueger, J. H., & Hatfield, J. L. (2002). Turbulent Schmidt number from a tracer experiment. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 111(4), 299-307. Frank, J., Hellsten, A., Schlünzen, H., & Carissimo, B. (2007). Best practice guideline for the CFD simulation of flows in the urban environment. Inthe COST Action 732. Quality Assurance and Improvement of Meteorological Models, University of Hamburg, Meteorological Institute, Center of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences. Gallagher, J., Gill, L. W., & McNabola, A. (2012). Numerical modelling of the passive control of air pollution in asymmetrical urban street canyons using refined mesh discretization schemes. Building and Environment, 56, 232-240. Gromke, C., & Ruck, B. (2007). Influence of trees on the dispersion of pollutants in an urban street canyon—experimental investigation of the flow and concentration field. Atmospheric Environment, 41(16), 3287-3302. Gromke, C., & Ruck, B. (2009). On the impact of trees on dispersion processes of traffic emissions in street canyons. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 131(1), 19-34. Gromke, C., & Blocken, B. (2015). Influence of avenue-trees on air quality at the urban neighborhood scale. Part I: Quality assurance studies and turbulent Schmidt number analysis for RANS CFD simulations. Environmental Pollution, 196, 214-223. Huang, H., Akutsu, Y., Arai, M., & Tamura, M. (2000). A two-dimensional air quality model in an urban street canyon: evaluation and sensitivity analysis. Atmospheric Environment, 34(5), 689-698. HUANG, Y. D., JIN, M. X., & SUN, Y. N. (2007). Numerical studies on airflow and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons formed by slanted roof buildings. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B, 19(1), 100-106. Huang, Y., Hu, X., & Zeng, N. (2009). Impact of wedge-shaped roofs on airflow and pollutant dispersion inside urban street canyons. Building and Environment, 44(12), 2335-2347. Huang, Y. D., He, W. R., & Kim, C. N. (2015). Impacts of shape and height of upstream roof on airflow and pollutant dispersion inside an urban street canyon. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(3), 2117-2137. Kastner-Klein, P., & Plate, E. J. (1999). Wind-tunnel study of concentration fields in street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 33(24), 3973-3979. Kastner-Klein, P., Fedorovich, E., & Rotach, M. W. (2001). A wind tunnel study of organised and turbulent air motions in urban street canyons. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 89(9), 849-861. Koeltzsch, K. (2000). The height dependence of the turbulent Schmidt number within the boundary layer. Atmospheric Environment, 34(7), 1147-1151. Kim, J. J., & Baik, J. J. (2005). Physical experiments to investigate the effects of street bottom heating and inflow turbulence on urban street-canyon flow. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 22(2), 230-237. Kovar-Panskus, A., Moulinneuf, L., Savory, E., Abdelqari, A., Sini, J. F., Rosant, J. M., ... & Toy, N. (2002). A wind tunnel investigation of the influence of solar-induced wall-heating on the flow regime within a simulated urban street canyon. Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus, 2(5-6), 555-571. Launder, B. E., & Spalding, D. B. (1974). The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 3(2), 269-289. Li, X. X., Liu, C. H., Leung, D. Y., & Lam, K. M. (2006). Recent progress in CFD modelling of wind field and pollutant transport in street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 40(29), 5640-5658. Liu, C. H., & Wong, C. C. (2014). On the pollutant removal, dispersion, and entrainment over two-dimensional idealized street canyons. Atmospheric Research, 135, 128-142. Li, X. X., Leung, D. Y., Liu, C. H., & Lam, K. M. (2008). Physical modeling of flow field inside urban street canyons. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47(7), 2058-2067. Madalozzo, D. M. S., Braun, A. L., Awruch, A. M., & Morsch, I. B. (2014). Numerical simulation of pollutant dispersion in street canyons: geometric and thermal effects. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38(24), 5883-5909. Meroney, R. N., Rafailidis, S., & Pavageau, M. (1996). Dispersion in idealized urban street canyons. In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XI (pp. 451-458). Springer US. Meroney, R. N., Leitl, B. M., Rafailidis, S., & Schatzmann, M. (1999). Wind-tunnel and numerical modeling of flow and dispersion about several building shapes. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 81(1), 333-345. Moonen, P., Gromke, C., & Dorer, V. (2013). Performance assessment of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for modeling dispersion in an urban street canyon with tree planting. Atmospheric environment, 75, 66-76. Nazridoust, K., & Ahmadi, G. (2006). Airflow and pollutant transport in street canyons. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 94(6), 491-522. Ng, W. Y., & Chau, C. K. (2014). A modeling investigation of the impact of street and building configurations on personal air pollutant exposure in isolated deep urban canyons. Science of the Total Environment, 468, 429-448. Pavageau, M., & Schatzmann, M. (1999). Wind tunnel measurements of concentration fluctuations in an urban street canyon. Atmospheric Environment, 33(24), 3961-3971. Rafailidis, S., & Schatzmann, M. (1995). Concentration measurements with different roof patterns in street canyons with aspect ratios B/H= 1/2 and B/H= 1. Report, Meteorology Institute, University of Hamburg. Rafailidis, S. (1997). Influence of building areal density and roof shape on the wind characteristics above a town. Boundary-layer meteorology, 85(2), 255-271. Salim, S. M., Buccolieri, R., Chan, A., & Di Sabatino, S. (2011). Numerical simulation of atmospheric pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon: Comparison between RANS and LES. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 99(2), 103-113. Sini, J. F., Anquetin, S., & Mestayer, P. G. (1996). Pollutant dispersion and thermal effects in urban street canyons. Atmospheric environment, 30(15), 2659-2677. Takano, Y., & Moonen, P. (2013). On the influence of roof shape on flow and dispersion in an urban street canyon. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 123, 107-120. Theodoridis, G., & Moussiopoulos, N. (2000). Influence of building density and roof shape on the wind and dispersion characteristics in an urban area: a numerical study. In Urban Air Quality: Measurement, Modelling and Management (pp. 407-415). Springer Netherlands. Tong, N. Y., & Leung, D. Y. (2012). Effects of building aspect ratio, diurnal heating scenario, and wind speed on reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 24(12), 2091-2103. Vardoulakis, S., Fisher, B. E., Pericleous, K., & Gonzalez-Flesca, N. (2003). Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review. Atmospheric environment, 37(2), 155-182. Xie, X., Huang, Z., & Wang, J. S. (2005). Impact of building configuration on air quality in street canyon. Atmospheric Environment, 39(25), 4519-4530. Xiaomin, X., Zhen, H., & Jiasong, W. (2006). The impact of urban street layout on local atmospheric environment. Building and Environment, 41(10), 1352-1363. Yakhot, V. S. A. S. T. B. C. G., Orszag, S. A., Thangam, S., Gatski, T. B., & Speziale, C. G. (1992). Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique. Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, 4(7), 1510-1520. Yassin, M. F. (2011). Impact of height and shape of building roof on air quality in urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 45(29), 5220-5229.

Year 2018, Issue: 4, 230 - 240, 04.12.2018

Bouabdellah Abed Abdelouahab Benzerdjeb Mohamed-kamel Hamıdou

Abstract

References

Ahmad, K., Khare, M., & Chaudhry, K. K. (2005). Wind tunnel simulation studies on dispersion at urban street canyons and intersections—a review. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 93(9), 697-717. Allegrini, J., Dorer, V., & Carmeliet, J. (2014). Buoyant flows in street canyons: Validation of CFD simulations with wind tunnel measurements. Building and Environment, 72, 63-74. Assimakopoulos, V. D., ApSimon, H. M., & Moussiopoulos, N. (2003). A numerical study of atmospheric pollutant dispersion in different two-dimensional street canyon configurations. Atmospheric Environment, 37(29), 4037-4049. ANSYS-CFX. 16.2: CFX Modelling Guide & Theory Guide. ANSYS Help Viewer. Baik, J. J., Park, R. S., Chun, H. Y., & Kim, J. J. (2000). A laboratory model of urban street-canyon flows. Journal of applied meteorology, 39(9), 1592-1600. Baik, J. J., & Kim, J. J. (2002). On the escape of pollutants from urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 36(3), 527-536. Baker, C. J., & Hargreaves, D. M. (2001). Wind tunnel evaluation of a vehicle pollution dispersion model. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 89(2), 187-200. Blocken, B., Stathopoulos, T., Saathoff, P., & Wang, X. (2008). Numerical evaluation of pollutant dispersion in the built environment: comparisons between models and experiments. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96(10), 1817-1831. Caton, F., Britter, R. E., & Dalziel, S. (2003). Dispersion mechanisms in a street canyon. Atmospheric Environment, 37(5), 693-702. Chan, T. L., Dong, G., Leung, C. W., Cheung, C. S., & Hung, W. T. (2002). Validation of a two-dimensional pollutant dispersion model in an isolated street canyon. Atmospheric environment, 36(5), 861-872. Cui, P. Y., Li, Z., & Tao, W. Q. (2014). Investigation of Re-independence of turbulent flow and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyon using numerical wind tunnel (NWT) models. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 79, 176-188. Efthimiou, G. C., Berbekar, E., Harms, F., Bartzis, J. G., & Leitl, B. (2015). Prediction of high concentrations and concentration distribution of a continuous point source release in a semi-idealised urban canopy using CFD-RANS modeling. Atmospheric Environment, 100, 48-56. Flesch, T. K., Prueger, J. H., & Hatfield, J. L. (2002). Turbulent Schmidt number from a tracer experiment. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 111(4), 299-307. Frank, J., Hellsten, A., Schlünzen, H., & Carissimo, B. (2007). Best practice guideline for the CFD simulation of flows in the urban environment. Inthe COST Action 732. Quality Assurance and Improvement of Meteorological Models, University of Hamburg, Meteorological Institute, Center of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences. Gallagher, J., Gill, L. W., & McNabola, A. (2012). Numerical modelling of the passive control of air pollution in asymmetrical urban street canyons using refined mesh discretization schemes. Building and Environment, 56, 232-240. Gromke, C., & Ruck, B. (2007). Influence of trees on the dispersion of pollutants in an urban street canyon—experimental investigation of the flow and concentration field. Atmospheric Environment, 41(16), 3287-3302. Gromke, C., & Ruck, B. (2009). On the impact of trees on dispersion processes of traffic emissions in street canyons. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 131(1), 19-34. Gromke, C., & Blocken, B. (2015). Influence of avenue-trees on air quality at the urban neighborhood scale. Part I: Quality assurance studies and turbulent Schmidt number analysis for RANS CFD simulations. Environmental Pollution, 196, 214-223. Huang, H., Akutsu, Y., Arai, M., & Tamura, M. (2000). A two-dimensional air quality model in an urban street canyon: evaluation and sensitivity analysis. Atmospheric Environment, 34(5), 689-698. HUANG, Y. D., JIN, M. X., & SUN, Y. N. (2007). Numerical studies on airflow and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons formed by slanted roof buildings. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B, 19(1), 100-106. Huang, Y., Hu, X., & Zeng, N. (2009). Impact of wedge-shaped roofs on airflow and pollutant dispersion inside urban street canyons. Building and Environment, 44(12), 2335-2347. Huang, Y. D., He, W. R., & Kim, C. N. (2015). Impacts of shape and height of upstream roof on airflow and pollutant dispersion inside an urban street canyon. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(3), 2117-2137. Kastner-Klein, P., & Plate, E. J. (1999). Wind-tunnel study of concentration fields in street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 33(24), 3973-3979. Kastner-Klein, P., Fedorovich, E., & Rotach, M. W. (2001). A wind tunnel study of organised and turbulent air motions in urban street canyons. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 89(9), 849-861. Koeltzsch, K. (2000). The height dependence of the turbulent Schmidt number within the boundary layer. Atmospheric Environment, 34(7), 1147-1151. Kim, J. J., & Baik, J. J. (2005). Physical experiments to investigate the effects of street bottom heating and inflow turbulence on urban street-canyon flow. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 22(2), 230-237. Kovar-Panskus, A., Moulinneuf, L., Savory, E., Abdelqari, A., Sini, J. F., Rosant, J. M., ... & Toy, N. (2002). A wind tunnel investigation of the influence of solar-induced wall-heating on the flow regime within a simulated urban street canyon. Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus, 2(5-6), 555-571. Launder, B. E., & Spalding, D. B. (1974). The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 3(2), 269-289. Li, X. X., Liu, C. H., Leung, D. Y., & Lam, K. M. (2006). Recent progress in CFD modelling of wind field and pollutant transport in street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 40(29), 5640-5658. Liu, C. H., & Wong, C. C. (2014). On the pollutant removal, dispersion, and entrainment over two-dimensional idealized street canyons. Atmospheric Research, 135, 128-142. Li, X. X., Leung, D. Y., Liu, C. H., & Lam, K. M. (2008). Physical modeling of flow field inside urban street canyons. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47(7), 2058-2067. Madalozzo, D. M. S., Braun, A. L., Awruch, A. M., & Morsch, I. B. (2014). Numerical simulation of pollutant dispersion in street canyons: geometric and thermal effects. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38(24), 5883-5909. Meroney, R. N., Rafailidis, S., & Pavageau, M. (1996). Dispersion in idealized urban street canyons. In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XI (pp. 451-458). Springer US. Meroney, R. N., Leitl, B. M., Rafailidis, S., & Schatzmann, M. (1999). Wind-tunnel and numerical modeling of flow and dispersion about several building shapes. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 81(1), 333-345. Moonen, P., Gromke, C., & Dorer, V. (2013). Performance assessment of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for modeling dispersion in an urban street canyon with tree planting. Atmospheric environment, 75, 66-76. Nazridoust, K., & Ahmadi, G. (2006). Airflow and pollutant transport in street canyons. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 94(6), 491-522. Ng, W. Y., & Chau, C. K. (2014). A modeling investigation of the impact of street and building configurations on personal air pollutant exposure in isolated deep urban canyons. Science of the Total Environment, 468, 429-448. Pavageau, M., & Schatzmann, M. (1999). Wind tunnel measurements of concentration fluctuations in an urban street canyon. Atmospheric Environment, 33(24), 3961-3971. Rafailidis, S., & Schatzmann, M. (1995). Concentration measurements with different roof patterns in street canyons with aspect ratios B/H= 1/2 and B/H= 1. Report, Meteorology Institute, University of Hamburg. Rafailidis, S. (1997). Influence of building areal density and roof shape on the wind characteristics above a town. Boundary-layer meteorology, 85(2), 255-271. Salim, S. M., Buccolieri, R., Chan, A., & Di Sabatino, S. (2011). Numerical simulation of atmospheric pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon: Comparison between RANS and LES. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 99(2), 103-113. Sini, J. F., Anquetin, S., & Mestayer, P. G. (1996). Pollutant dispersion and thermal effects in urban street canyons. Atmospheric environment, 30(15), 2659-2677. Takano, Y., & Moonen, P. (2013). On the influence of roof shape on flow and dispersion in an urban street canyon. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 123, 107-120. Theodoridis, G., & Moussiopoulos, N. (2000). Influence of building density and roof shape on the wind and dispersion characteristics in an urban area: a numerical study. In Urban Air Quality: Measurement, Modelling and Management (pp. 407-415). Springer Netherlands. Tong, N. Y., & Leung, D. Y. (2012). Effects of building aspect ratio, diurnal heating scenario, and wind speed on reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 24(12), 2091-2103. Vardoulakis, S., Fisher, B. E., Pericleous, K., & Gonzalez-Flesca, N. (2003). Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review. Atmospheric environment, 37(2), 155-182. Xie, X., Huang, Z., & Wang, J. S. (2005). Impact of building configuration on air quality in street canyon. Atmospheric Environment, 39(25), 4519-4530. Xiaomin, X., Zhen, H., & Jiasong, W. (2006). The impact of urban street layout on local atmospheric environment. Building and Environment, 41(10), 1352-1363. Yakhot, V. S. A. S. T. B. C. G., Orszag, S. A., Thangam, S., Gatski, T. B., & Speziale, C. G. (1992). Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique. Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, 4(7), 1510-1520. Yassin, M. F. (2011). Impact of height and shape of building roof on air quality in urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 45(29), 5220-5229.

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Engineering
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Bouabdellah Abed Abdelouahab Benzerdjeb Mohamed-kamel Hamıdou
Publication Date	December 4, 2018
Published in Issue	Year 2018Issue: 4

Cite

APA	Abed, B., Benzerdjeb, A., & Hamıdou, M.-k. (2018). A Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Turbulent Schmidt Number on Numerical Prediction of Pollutant Dispersion within Street Canyons. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics(4), 230-240.