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Year 2019, Volume: 7 , 112 - 116, 24.11.2019

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References

  • A.S. Bagher, Introduction to Organic Solar Cells, Sustainable Energy 2, 85-90 (2014). H. Spanggaard, F.C. Krebs, A brief history of the development of organic and polymeric photovoltaic's, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 83, 125-146 (2004). C. Brabec, V. Dyakanov, J. Parisi, N.S Sariciftci, Organic photovoltaics: Concepts and Realization, Springer, New York, 2003. H. Hoppe, N.S. Sariciftci, Organic solar cells: an overview, J. Mater. Res. 19, 1924-1945 (2004). G. Li, V. Shrotriya, J. Huang, Y. Yao, T. Moriarty, K. Emery, Y. Yang, Nature Mater. 4, 864-868 (2005). H.N. Kim, Z.Q. Guo, W.H. Zhu, J.Y. Yoon, H. Tian, Recent progress on polymer-based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors, Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 79-93 (2011). N.S. Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A.J. Heeger, F. Wudl, Photo induced electron transfer from a conducting polymer to buckminsterfullerene, Science 258, 1474-1476 (1992). Y. Lin, Q. He, F. Zhao, L. Huo, J. Mai, X. Lu, C.J. Su, T. Li, J. Wang, J. Zhu, Y. Sun, C. Wang, X. Zhan, A facile planar fused-ring electron acceptor for as-cast polymer solar cells with 8.71% efficiency, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 2973–2976 (2016). S.H. Liao, H.J. Jhuo, Y.S. Cheng, S.A. Chen, Fullerene derivative-doped zinc oxide nanofilm as the cathode of inverted polymer solar cells with low-bandgap polymer (PTB7-Th) for high performance, Adv. Mater. 25, 4766–4771 (2013). M.C. Scharber, D. Mühlbacher, M. Koppe, P. Denk, C. Waldauf, A.J. Heeger, C.J. Brabec, Design rules for donors in bulk-heterojunction solar cells-towards 10% energy-conversion efficiency, Adv. Mater. 18, 789–794 (2006). J.A. Love, C.M. Proctor, J. Liu, C.J. Takacs, A. Sharenko, T.S. van der Poll, A.J. Heeger, G.C. Bazan, T.-Q. Nguyen, Film morphology of high efficiency solution-processed small-molecule solar cells, Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 5019–5026 (2013). L. Liang, J.-T. Wang, X. Xiang, J. Ling, F.-G. Zhao, W.-S. Li, Influence of moiety sequence on the performance of small molecular photovoltaic materials, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 15396-15405 (2014). B. Kan, Q. Zhang, M. Li, X. Wan, W. Ni, G. Long, Y. Wang, X. Yang, H. Feng, Y. Chen, Solution-processed organic solar cells based on dialkylthiol-substituted benzodithiophene unit with efficiency near 10%, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 15529-15532 (2014). B. Kan, M. Li, Q. Zhang, F. Liu, X. Wan, Y. Wang, W. Ni, G. Long, X. Yang, H. Feng, Y. Zuo, M. Zhang, F. Huang, Y. Cao, T.P. Russell, Y. Chen, A series of simple oligomer-like small molecules based on oligothiophenes for solution-processed solar cells with high efficiency, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 3886-3893 (2015). T.L. Nguyen, H. Choi, S.J. Ko, M.A. Uddin, B. Walker, S. Yum, J.E. Jeong, M.H. Yun, T.J. Shin, S. Hwang, J.Y. Kim, H.Y. Woo, Semi-crystalline photovoltaic polymers with efficiency exceeding 9% in a 300 nm thick conventional single-cell device, Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 3040-3051 (2014). J. Lu, J. Peng, Y. Wang, J. Yuan, C. Sheng, H.-Q. Wang, W. Ma, Benzo[1,2-b:4, 5-b0] dithiophene-fumaronitrile-based D-A type copolymers with different p-bridges: synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties, Synth. Met. 188, 57-65 (2014). Z. Du, W. Chen, M. Qiu, Y. Chen, N. Wang, T. Wang, M. Sun, D. Yu, R. Yang, Utilizing alkoxyphenyl substituents for side-chain engineering of efficient benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-based small molecule organic solar cells, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 17391-17398 (2015). W. Kohn, L.J. Sham, Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Phys. Rev. 140, 1133-1138 (1965). M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Caricato, X. Li, H. P. Hratchian, A. F. Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J. L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery, Jr., J. E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. Bearpark, J. J. Heyd, E. Brothers, K. N. Kudin, V. N. Staroverov, T. Keith, R. Kobayashi, J. Normand, K. Raghavachari, A. Rendell, J. C. Burant, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, N. Rega, J. M. Millam, M. Klene, J. E. Knox, J. B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, R. L. Martin, K. Morokuma, V. G. Zakrzewski, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, O. Farkas, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, J. Cioslowski, and D. J. Fox, Gaussian 09, Revision D.01, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2013. A.D. Becke, Density-functional exchange-energy approximationwith correct asymptotic behavior. Phys. Rev. A 38, 3098–3100 (1988). C. Lee, W. Yang, R.G. Parr, Development of the Colle–Salvetti correlation energy formula into a functional of the electron density. Phys. Rev. B 37, 785–789 (1988). M.E. Casida, C. Jamorski, K.C. Casida, D.R. Salahub, Molecular excitation energies to high-lying bound states from timedependent density-functional response theory: characterization and correction of the time-dependent local density approximation ionization threshold. J. Chem. Phys. 108, 4439–4449 (1998).

Potential TADF Structures with Benzophenone Moieties

Year 2019, Volume: 7 , 112 - 116, 24.11.2019

Abstract

The architectures of organic solar cells are based on two kinds of materials: electron donors (D) and electron acceptors (A), respectively. Organic compounds which possess donor-acceptor units exhibit important optical and photophysical characteristics. Donor-acceptor compounds are widely used in molecular electronics applications, and it is of interest to investigate how their properties can be manipulated and probed. The πelectronic characteristics of molecular donor (D) – acceptor (A) compounds have been attracting attention in solid state science as well as for their potential technological development in organic electronics. The DA solar cells apply the photoinduced electron transfer to separate the electron from the hole. The photo-induced electron transfer takes place from the excited state of the donor to the LUMO of the acceptor. One of the most important design considerations of TADF molecules is obtaining a small energy gap between the S1 and T1 states (∆ƐST). A molecule meets this requirement only when its lowest-energy transition has low singlet–triplet exchange energy. Current trends in the research into novel TADF emitters are mainly focused on intramolecular donoracceptor (D-A)-type molecules, as in the present case In this work, we have constructed benzophenone based butterfly compounds and investigated the structural and electronic properties theoretically at the level of Density Functional Theory (DFT). These D-π-A type compounds may be potential candidates for organic solar cell applications, organic lightemitting diodes or fluorescent organic materials.

References

  • A.S. Bagher, Introduction to Organic Solar Cells, Sustainable Energy 2, 85-90 (2014). H. Spanggaard, F.C. Krebs, A brief history of the development of organic and polymeric photovoltaic's, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 83, 125-146 (2004). C. Brabec, V. Dyakanov, J. Parisi, N.S Sariciftci, Organic photovoltaics: Concepts and Realization, Springer, New York, 2003. H. Hoppe, N.S. Sariciftci, Organic solar cells: an overview, J. Mater. Res. 19, 1924-1945 (2004). G. Li, V. Shrotriya, J. Huang, Y. Yao, T. Moriarty, K. Emery, Y. Yang, Nature Mater. 4, 864-868 (2005). H.N. Kim, Z.Q. Guo, W.H. Zhu, J.Y. Yoon, H. Tian, Recent progress on polymer-based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors, Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 79-93 (2011). N.S. Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A.J. Heeger, F. Wudl, Photo induced electron transfer from a conducting polymer to buckminsterfullerene, Science 258, 1474-1476 (1992). Y. Lin, Q. He, F. Zhao, L. Huo, J. Mai, X. Lu, C.J. Su, T. Li, J. Wang, J. Zhu, Y. Sun, C. Wang, X. Zhan, A facile planar fused-ring electron acceptor for as-cast polymer solar cells with 8.71% efficiency, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 2973–2976 (2016). S.H. Liao, H.J. Jhuo, Y.S. Cheng, S.A. Chen, Fullerene derivative-doped zinc oxide nanofilm as the cathode of inverted polymer solar cells with low-bandgap polymer (PTB7-Th) for high performance, Adv. Mater. 25, 4766–4771 (2013). M.C. Scharber, D. Mühlbacher, M. Koppe, P. Denk, C. Waldauf, A.J. Heeger, C.J. Brabec, Design rules for donors in bulk-heterojunction solar cells-towards 10% energy-conversion efficiency, Adv. Mater. 18, 789–794 (2006). J.A. Love, C.M. Proctor, J. Liu, C.J. Takacs, A. Sharenko, T.S. van der Poll, A.J. Heeger, G.C. Bazan, T.-Q. Nguyen, Film morphology of high efficiency solution-processed small-molecule solar cells, Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 5019–5026 (2013). L. Liang, J.-T. Wang, X. Xiang, J. Ling, F.-G. Zhao, W.-S. Li, Influence of moiety sequence on the performance of small molecular photovoltaic materials, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 15396-15405 (2014). B. Kan, Q. Zhang, M. Li, X. Wan, W. Ni, G. Long, Y. Wang, X. Yang, H. Feng, Y. Chen, Solution-processed organic solar cells based on dialkylthiol-substituted benzodithiophene unit with efficiency near 10%, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 15529-15532 (2014). B. Kan, M. Li, Q. Zhang, F. Liu, X. Wan, Y. Wang, W. Ni, G. Long, X. Yang, H. Feng, Y. Zuo, M. Zhang, F. Huang, Y. Cao, T.P. Russell, Y. Chen, A series of simple oligomer-like small molecules based on oligothiophenes for solution-processed solar cells with high efficiency, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 3886-3893 (2015). T.L. Nguyen, H. Choi, S.J. Ko, M.A. Uddin, B. Walker, S. Yum, J.E. Jeong, M.H. Yun, T.J. Shin, S. Hwang, J.Y. Kim, H.Y. Woo, Semi-crystalline photovoltaic polymers with efficiency exceeding 9% in a 300 nm thick conventional single-cell device, Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 3040-3051 (2014). J. Lu, J. Peng, Y. Wang, J. Yuan, C. Sheng, H.-Q. Wang, W. Ma, Benzo[1,2-b:4, 5-b0] dithiophene-fumaronitrile-based D-A type copolymers with different p-bridges: synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties, Synth. Met. 188, 57-65 (2014). Z. Du, W. Chen, M. Qiu, Y. Chen, N. Wang, T. Wang, M. Sun, D. Yu, R. Yang, Utilizing alkoxyphenyl substituents for side-chain engineering of efficient benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-based small molecule organic solar cells, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 17391-17398 (2015). W. Kohn, L.J. Sham, Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Phys. Rev. 140, 1133-1138 (1965). M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Caricato, X. Li, H. P. Hratchian, A. F. Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J. L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery, Jr., J. E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. Bearpark, J. J. Heyd, E. Brothers, K. N. Kudin, V. N. Staroverov, T. Keith, R. Kobayashi, J. Normand, K. Raghavachari, A. Rendell, J. C. Burant, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, N. Rega, J. M. Millam, M. Klene, J. E. Knox, J. B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, R. L. Martin, K. Morokuma, V. G. Zakrzewski, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, O. Farkas, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, J. Cioslowski, and D. J. Fox, Gaussian 09, Revision D.01, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2013. A.D. Becke, Density-functional exchange-energy approximationwith correct asymptotic behavior. Phys. Rev. A 38, 3098–3100 (1988). C. Lee, W. Yang, R.G. Parr, Development of the Colle–Salvetti correlation energy formula into a functional of the electron density. Phys. Rev. B 37, 785–789 (1988). M.E. Casida, C. Jamorski, K.C. Casida, D.R. Salahub, Molecular excitation energies to high-lying bound states from timedependent density-functional response theory: characterization and correction of the time-dependent local density approximation ionization threshold. J. Chem. Phys. 108, 4439–4449 (1998).
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selcuk Gumus

Aysegul Gumus

Publication Date November 24, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019Volume: 7

Cite

APA Gumus, S., & Gumus, A. (2019). Potential TADF Structures with Benzophenone Moieties. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, 7, 112-116.