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Year 2020, Volume: 9 , 31 - 40, 29.06.2020

Abstract

References

  • Majumdar, D and Atherton, J. Peptic ulcers and their complications, Surgery (Oxford). 2006; 24(3): 110-114. 2. Malfertheiner, P., Chan FK. and McColl, KE. Peptic ulcer disease. Lancet. 2009 374(9699):1449-61. 3. Allahverdiyev AM., Bagirova M. and Kocazeybek BS. Isolation and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori by new method: Microcapillary culture. World J Gastroenterology. 2015; 21(9): 2622- 2628. 4. Best, LM., Takwoingi, Y., Siddique, S., Selladurai, A., Gandhi, A., Low, B. , Yaghoobi, M. and Gurusamy, KS. Non-invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection, Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 ;15(3). 5. Ricci, C., Holton, J. and Vaira. D. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: Invasive and non-invasive tests, Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2007, 21(2):299-313. 6. Koneman, EW. Diagnóstico microbiológico. 6 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2010, 398-402. 7. Sabbi, T., De Angelis, P., Colistro, F., Dall'Oglio, L, di Abriola, GF. And Castro, M. Efficacy of noninvasive tests in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatric patients. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005; 159(3):238-241. 8. Lage, AP., Godfroid, E., Fauconnier, A., Burette, A, Butzler, JP., Bollen, A. and Glupczynski, Y. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by PCR: comparison with other invasive techniques and detection of cagA gene ingastric biopsy specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1995; 33(10): 2752-2756. 9. Fonseca, TL., Moraes, EP., Juliano, CR., Silva, AM., Scain, CJ., Mendoza-Sassi, RA. and Silva, PE. Detection of Helicobacter pylori by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(6):1643-1648. 10. Aktepe, OC., Ciftçi, IH., Safak, B, Uslan, I. and Dilek, FH. Five methods De for detection of Helicobacter pylori in the Turkish population. World J. Gastroenterol. 2011;17(47):5172-5176. 11. Karamanolis, GP., Daikos, D., Xouris, D., Goukos, I. and Ladas, SD. The evolution of Helicobacter pylori antibiotics resistance over 10 years in Greece, Digestion. 2014;90(4), 229-231. 12. Khademi, F., Poursina, F., Hosseini, E., Akbari, M. and Safaei, HG. Helicobacter pylori in Iran: A systematic review on the antibiotic resistance, Iran J Basic Med Sci, 2015;18(1): 2-7. 13. Dos Santos, AA. and Carvalho AA. Pharmacological therapy used in the elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection: a review. World J Gastroenterol, 2015; 21(1): 139-154. 14. Siddique. O., Ovalle, A., Siddique, AS. and Moss, SF. Helicobacter pylori. Infection: An Update for the Internist in the Age of Increasing Global Antibiotic Resistance. The American J. of Medicine. 2018 ;131(5): 473-479. 15. Fukuchi, T., Ashida, K., Yamashita, H., Kiyota, N., Tsukamoto, R., Ito, D. and Nagamatsu, R. Influence of cure of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric acidity and gastroesophageal reflux: study by 24-h pH monitoring in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer. J. Gastroenterol. 2005 40(4):350-360. 16. Sanduleanu, S., Jonkers, D., De Bruine, A., Hameeteman, W. and Stockbrugger, RW. Non-Helicobacter pylori bacterial flora during acid-suppressive therapy: differential findings in gastric juice and gastric mucosa. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001; 15(3):379–88. 17. Litvak, Y., Byndloss, MX., Tsolis, RM. and Baumler, AJ. Dysbiosis Proteobacteria expansion: a microbial signature of epithelial dysfunction. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2017;39: 1-6. 18. Lertpiriyapong, K., Whary, MT., Muthupalani, S., Lofgren, JL., Gamazon, JR., Feng Y., Ge, Z., Wang, TC. and Fox, JG. Gastric colonization with a restricted commensal microbiota replicates the promotion of neoplastic lesions by diverse intestinal microbiota in the Helicobacter pylori INS-GAS mouse model of gastric carcinogenesis. Gut ,2014; 63(1): 54-63. 19. Aviles-Jimenez, F., Vazquez-Jimenez, F., Medrano-Guzman, R., Mantilla, A. and Torres, J. Stomach microbiota composition varies between patients with non-atrophic gastritis and patients with intestinal type of gastric cancer. Sci Rep. 2014; 4: 4202- 20. Abu-Sbeih, RS., Hawari, AD., Hassawi, DS. and Al-Daghistani, HI. Isolation and detection of Helicobacter pylori from patients suffering from peptic ulcer using biochemical testing and molecular techniques. AJBB. 2014;10(1):58– 68. 21. CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Second Informational Supplement. CSLI document M100-S22. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2012. 22. Rutala, WA. and Weber, DJ. “Reprocessing endoscopes: United States perspective,” Journal of Hospital Infection. 2004, 56(2): S27–S39. 23. Mégraud, F. and Lehours, P. “Helicobacter pylori detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing,” Clinical Microbiol, Reviews, 2007, 20(2): 280–322. 24. Genta, RM. and. Graham DY. “Comparison of biopsy sites for the histopathologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: a topographic study of H. pylori density and distribution Endoscope, Gastrointestinal,1994;40(3): 342-345. 25. Ang, TL., Fock, KM., Ang, D., Kwek, AB., Teo, EK. and Dhamodaran, S. The changing profile of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Singapore: a 15-years study Helicobacter. 2016;21(4):261–5. 26. Gisbert, JP., Gastro-Fernandes, M., Perez-Asia, A., Cosmo, A., Molina-Infante, J., Rodrigo, L., Modollel, I., Carbriad, J., Gisbert, JL., Lamas, E., Marcos, E. and Cavet, X. Fourth-line rescue therapy with rifabutin in patients with three Helicobacter pylori eradication failures. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012; (8):941-947. 27. Zerbetto, De., Palma, G., Mendiondo, N., Wonaga, A., Viola, L., Ibarra, D. and Campitelli, E. Occurrence of mutations in the antimicrobial target genes related to levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Buenos Aires City. Microb Drug Resist. 2017;23(3):351-358. 28. Mascellio, MT., Porowska, B. and Oliva, A. Antibiotic susceptibility, heteroresistance and update treatment strategies in H. pylori infection. Drug Des Devel Ther, 2017; 11:2209-2220. 29. Gerrits, MM., Vander Woaden, EJ. and Bax DA. Role of rdxA and frxA genes in oxygen-dependent Metronidazole antibiotic resistance of H. pylori. J Med. Microbiol, 2004;53(11): 1173-1178. 30. Megraud, F., Coenen, S., Versporten, A., Kist, M., Lopez-Brea, M., Hirschl, AM., Andersen, LP., Goossens, H. and Glupczynski, Y. Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Europe and its relationship to antibiotic consumption. Gut. 2013; 62:34-42. 31. Li, L., Ke, Y., Yu, C., Li, G., Yang, N., Zhang, J. and Li Y. Antibiotic resistnce of H. pylori in Chinese children: a multicenter retrospective study over 7 years. Helicobacter, 2017;22(3).192-199. 32. Falsafi, T., Mobasheri, F., Nariman, F., and Najafi, M. Susceptibilities to different antibiotics of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients at the pediatric medical center of Tehran. Iran. J Clin Microbiol, 2004;42(1): 387-389. 33. Ghotaslou, R., Leylabadlo, HE.and Asl, YM. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori: a recent literature review. World Journal of Methodol. 2015;5(3):164-174. 34. Taneike, I., Nami, A., O'Connor, A., Fitzgerald, N., Murphy, P., Qasim, A., O'Connor, H. and O'Morain, C., Analysis of drug resistance and virulence-factor genotype of Irish Helicobacter pylori strains: is there any relationship between resistance to metronidazole and cagA status. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;30(7): 784-790. 35. De Francesco, V., Giorgio, F., Hassa, C., Manes, G., Vannella, L., Panella, C., Ierardi, E. and Zullo A. Worldwide H. pylori antibiotic resistance: a systematic review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2010;19(4): 409-414. 36. Tomb, JF., White, O., Kerlavage, AR., et al. The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Nature, 1997;388: 539-547. 37. Isreal, DA., Salama, M.and Krishna, U., Helicobacter pylori genetic diversity within the gastric niche of a single human host Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019 98(25):14625-14630. 38. Kato, T., Yagi, N., Kamada T., Shembo T., Watanabe. H. and Ida. K. Study Group for Establishing Endoscopic Diagnosis of Chronic Gastritis, Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa by endoscopic features: a multicenter prospective study. Dig Endosc. 2013; 25(5): 508-518. 39. Lu, JJ., Perng, CL., Shyu, RY., Chen, CH., Q. Lou, Q. et al., “Comparison of Five PCR Methods for Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in Gastric Tissues,” Journal of clinical microbiology. 1990, 37(3): 772-774. 40. Hoshina, SM., Kahn, W. Jian et al., “Direct detection and amplification of Helicobacter pylori ribosomal 16S gene segments from gastric endoscopic biopsies,” Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 1990, 13(6): 473-479. 41. Johanson, JS., Spakowics, DJ., Bo-Yung, H., Petrsin, LM., Demkowics, P, Chin, L., Leopold, SR., Hanson, BM., Agresta, HO., Grestain, M., Sodergren, E., Wainstock, GM. Evaluation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species and strain-level microbiome analysis. Nature Communication,2019;10:1038-1049. 42. Babaei, A., Bhargava, V., Aalam, S., Scadeng, M., and Mittal, RK. Effect of proton pump inhibition on the gastric volume: assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.2009; 29(8): 863–870. 43. Gustavson, LE., Kaiser, JK., Edmonds, AL., Locke, CS., DeBartolo, ML. and Schneck, DW. Effect of omeprazole on concentrations of clarithromycin in plasma and gastric tissue at steady state. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1995;39(9):2078-2083. 44. Li, J. and Perez Perez, GI. Is There a Role for the Non-Helicobacter pylori Bacteria in the Risk of Developing Gastric Cancer? Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(5):1353-1362. 45. Firmida, MC., Pereirs, RH., Silva, EA., Marques, EA. and Lopes, AJ. Clinical impact od Achromobcter xylosoxidans colonization/infection in patient with cystic fibrosis. Braz. J. Med. Biol.Res,2016;49(4):e5097. 46. Lambiase, A., Catania, MR., del Pezzo, M., Rossano, F., Terlizzi, V., Sepe, A. and Raia, V. Achromobacter xylosoxidans respiratory tract infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2011; 30(8): 973-980. 47. Dupont, C., Jumas-Bilak, E., Michon, AL., Chiron, R. and Marchandin H. Impact of High Diversity of Achromobacter Populations within Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Samples on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. J. Clin. Microbiol, 2017;55(1):206–215. 48. Trancassini, M., Iebba, V., Citerà, N., Tuccio, V., Magni, A., Varesi, P. and Schippa. S. Outbreak of Achromobacter xylosoxidans in an Italian Cystic fibrosis center: genome variability, biofilm production, antibiotic resistance, and motility in isolated strains. Front Microbiol ,2014:5:138-146. 49. Ma, JL., Zhang, L., Brown, LM., Li, JY., Shen, L. and Pan, KF. Fifteen-year effects of Helicobacter pylori, garlic, and vitamin treatments on gastric cancer incidence and mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012; 104(6): 488–92. 50. Robinson, KM., Crabtree, J., Mattick, JS., Anderson, KE. and Dunning Hotopp, JC., Distinguishing potential bacteria-tumor associations from contamination in a secondary data analysis of public cancer genome sequence data. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):9-24. 51. Firmida M, Marques E, Leão R, Pereira R, Rodrigues E, Albano R, Folescu T, Bernardo V, Daltro P, Capone D, and Lopes, A. Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection in cystic fibrosis siblings with different outcomes: Case reports. Respir Med Case Rep, 2017;20: 98-103. 52. Leclercq, R., Cantón, R., Brown, DF., Giske, CG., Heisig, P., MacGowan, AP., Mouton, JW., Nordmann, P., Rodloff, AC., Rossolini, GM., Soussy, C., Steinbakk, M., Winstanley, TG. and Kahlmeter, G. EUCAST expert rules in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2013; 19:141–160. 53. Tanaka, K., Fujiya, M., Sakagami, A., Fujibayashi, S., Nomura, Y., Ueno, N. et al. Second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication causing antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrobe. 2017; 16(1):54-58. 54. Kim, Y., Park, J., Lee, K., Yunand, H. and Kim, J. A Case of Acute Phlegmonous Gastritis Causing Gastroparesis and Cured with Medical Treatment Alone. Korean J Gastroenterol, 2011;57(5): 309-314. 55. Liao, T., Lin, A., Chen, E., Huang, T., Liu, Y., Chang, Y., Lai, J., Lauderdale, Y., Wang, J., Chang, S., Tsai, S. and Chena. Y. Complete genome sequence of Klebsiella oxytoca E718, a New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1-producing nosocomial strain. J Bacteriol. 2012; 194(19):5454. 56. Singh, S., Singh, SK., Chowdhury, I., Singh, R. Understanding the Mechanism of Bacterial Biofilms Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents. Open Microbiol J. 2017; 11:53-62.

Diagnosis of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Klebseilla oxytoca as Etiological Agents of Peptic Ulcers

Year 2020, Volume: 9 , 31 - 40, 29.06.2020

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is the pathogen only known that inhabits the gastric mucosa of almost half of the world’s population, and the bacterium is associated with higher incidence of peptic ulcer worldwide. The present study was aimed to seek for diagnosis of H. pylori as etiological agents of peptic ulcer in Iraqi patients on second line therapy and suffering from severe ulcer reinfection after a period of time. Sixty-five endoscopic gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from patients of both genders and in age around 45-60 years. For primary isolation, 26 (40%) out of all corpus and antrum screened biopsies were positive on supplemented Columbia agar. Culture isolates showed heteroresistance pattern to antibiotics used in triple therapy regimen for eradication of H. pylori infections, in that high percentage of resistance to tetracycline and metronidazole (100%) was recorded, while most of isolates were sensitive and in various degrees (27%, 12.5%, and 25%) to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin respectively, on the other hand one isolate exhibited absolute resistance to all of the tested antibiotics. The molecular detection of 16S rRNA (109bp) and ureA (411bp) genes specific for H. pylori were not detected by PCR amplification. Two isolates which showed significant similarities to H. pylori throughout the morphological and cultural examination, were selected and subjected to molecular analysis via 16S DNA sequencing. GenBank BLAST analysis was showed that the isolates were non-H. pylori isolates, rather, one was identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans and the other Klebsiella oxytoca, with 98% and 97% identical gene sequences respectively.

References

  • Majumdar, D and Atherton, J. Peptic ulcers and their complications, Surgery (Oxford). 2006; 24(3): 110-114. 2. Malfertheiner, P., Chan FK. and McColl, KE. Peptic ulcer disease. Lancet. 2009 374(9699):1449-61. 3. Allahverdiyev AM., Bagirova M. and Kocazeybek BS. Isolation and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori by new method: Microcapillary culture. World J Gastroenterology. 2015; 21(9): 2622- 2628. 4. Best, LM., Takwoingi, Y., Siddique, S., Selladurai, A., Gandhi, A., Low, B. , Yaghoobi, M. and Gurusamy, KS. Non-invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection, Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 ;15(3). 5. Ricci, C., Holton, J. and Vaira. D. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: Invasive and non-invasive tests, Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2007, 21(2):299-313. 6. Koneman, EW. Diagnóstico microbiológico. 6 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2010, 398-402. 7. Sabbi, T., De Angelis, P., Colistro, F., Dall'Oglio, L, di Abriola, GF. And Castro, M. Efficacy of noninvasive tests in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatric patients. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005; 159(3):238-241. 8. Lage, AP., Godfroid, E., Fauconnier, A., Burette, A, Butzler, JP., Bollen, A. and Glupczynski, Y. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by PCR: comparison with other invasive techniques and detection of cagA gene ingastric biopsy specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1995; 33(10): 2752-2756. 9. Fonseca, TL., Moraes, EP., Juliano, CR., Silva, AM., Scain, CJ., Mendoza-Sassi, RA. and Silva, PE. Detection of Helicobacter pylori by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(6):1643-1648. 10. Aktepe, OC., Ciftçi, IH., Safak, B, Uslan, I. and Dilek, FH. Five methods De for detection of Helicobacter pylori in the Turkish population. World J. Gastroenterol. 2011;17(47):5172-5176. 11. Karamanolis, GP., Daikos, D., Xouris, D., Goukos, I. and Ladas, SD. The evolution of Helicobacter pylori antibiotics resistance over 10 years in Greece, Digestion. 2014;90(4), 229-231. 12. Khademi, F., Poursina, F., Hosseini, E., Akbari, M. and Safaei, HG. Helicobacter pylori in Iran: A systematic review on the antibiotic resistance, Iran J Basic Med Sci, 2015;18(1): 2-7. 13. Dos Santos, AA. and Carvalho AA. Pharmacological therapy used in the elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection: a review. World J Gastroenterol, 2015; 21(1): 139-154. 14. Siddique. O., Ovalle, A., Siddique, AS. and Moss, SF. Helicobacter pylori. Infection: An Update for the Internist in the Age of Increasing Global Antibiotic Resistance. The American J. of Medicine. 2018 ;131(5): 473-479. 15. Fukuchi, T., Ashida, K., Yamashita, H., Kiyota, N., Tsukamoto, R., Ito, D. and Nagamatsu, R. Influence of cure of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric acidity and gastroesophageal reflux: study by 24-h pH monitoring in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer. J. Gastroenterol. 2005 40(4):350-360. 16. Sanduleanu, S., Jonkers, D., De Bruine, A., Hameeteman, W. and Stockbrugger, RW. Non-Helicobacter pylori bacterial flora during acid-suppressive therapy: differential findings in gastric juice and gastric mucosa. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001; 15(3):379–88. 17. Litvak, Y., Byndloss, MX., Tsolis, RM. and Baumler, AJ. Dysbiosis Proteobacteria expansion: a microbial signature of epithelial dysfunction. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2017;39: 1-6. 18. Lertpiriyapong, K., Whary, MT., Muthupalani, S., Lofgren, JL., Gamazon, JR., Feng Y., Ge, Z., Wang, TC. and Fox, JG. Gastric colonization with a restricted commensal microbiota replicates the promotion of neoplastic lesions by diverse intestinal microbiota in the Helicobacter pylori INS-GAS mouse model of gastric carcinogenesis. Gut ,2014; 63(1): 54-63. 19. Aviles-Jimenez, F., Vazquez-Jimenez, F., Medrano-Guzman, R., Mantilla, A. and Torres, J. Stomach microbiota composition varies between patients with non-atrophic gastritis and patients with intestinal type of gastric cancer. Sci Rep. 2014; 4: 4202- 20. Abu-Sbeih, RS., Hawari, AD., Hassawi, DS. and Al-Daghistani, HI. Isolation and detection of Helicobacter pylori from patients suffering from peptic ulcer using biochemical testing and molecular techniques. AJBB. 2014;10(1):58– 68. 21. CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Second Informational Supplement. CSLI document M100-S22. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2012. 22. Rutala, WA. and Weber, DJ. “Reprocessing endoscopes: United States perspective,” Journal of Hospital Infection. 2004, 56(2): S27–S39. 23. Mégraud, F. and Lehours, P. “Helicobacter pylori detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing,” Clinical Microbiol, Reviews, 2007, 20(2): 280–322. 24. Genta, RM. and. Graham DY. “Comparison of biopsy sites for the histopathologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: a topographic study of H. pylori density and distribution Endoscope, Gastrointestinal,1994;40(3): 342-345. 25. Ang, TL., Fock, KM., Ang, D., Kwek, AB., Teo, EK. and Dhamodaran, S. The changing profile of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Singapore: a 15-years study Helicobacter. 2016;21(4):261–5. 26. Gisbert, JP., Gastro-Fernandes, M., Perez-Asia, A., Cosmo, A., Molina-Infante, J., Rodrigo, L., Modollel, I., Carbriad, J., Gisbert, JL., Lamas, E., Marcos, E. and Cavet, X. Fourth-line rescue therapy with rifabutin in patients with three Helicobacter pylori eradication failures. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012; (8):941-947. 27. Zerbetto, De., Palma, G., Mendiondo, N., Wonaga, A., Viola, L., Ibarra, D. and Campitelli, E. Occurrence of mutations in the antimicrobial target genes related to levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Buenos Aires City. Microb Drug Resist. 2017;23(3):351-358. 28. Mascellio, MT., Porowska, B. and Oliva, A. Antibiotic susceptibility, heteroresistance and update treatment strategies in H. pylori infection. Drug Des Devel Ther, 2017; 11:2209-2220. 29. Gerrits, MM., Vander Woaden, EJ. and Bax DA. Role of rdxA and frxA genes in oxygen-dependent Metronidazole antibiotic resistance of H. pylori. J Med. Microbiol, 2004;53(11): 1173-1178. 30. Megraud, F., Coenen, S., Versporten, A., Kist, M., Lopez-Brea, M., Hirschl, AM., Andersen, LP., Goossens, H. and Glupczynski, Y. Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Europe and its relationship to antibiotic consumption. Gut. 2013; 62:34-42. 31. Li, L., Ke, Y., Yu, C., Li, G., Yang, N., Zhang, J. and Li Y. Antibiotic resistnce of H. pylori in Chinese children: a multicenter retrospective study over 7 years. Helicobacter, 2017;22(3).192-199. 32. Falsafi, T., Mobasheri, F., Nariman, F., and Najafi, M. Susceptibilities to different antibiotics of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients at the pediatric medical center of Tehran. Iran. J Clin Microbiol, 2004;42(1): 387-389. 33. Ghotaslou, R., Leylabadlo, HE.and Asl, YM. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori: a recent literature review. World Journal of Methodol. 2015;5(3):164-174. 34. Taneike, I., Nami, A., O'Connor, A., Fitzgerald, N., Murphy, P., Qasim, A., O'Connor, H. and O'Morain, C., Analysis of drug resistance and virulence-factor genotype of Irish Helicobacter pylori strains: is there any relationship between resistance to metronidazole and cagA status. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;30(7): 784-790. 35. De Francesco, V., Giorgio, F., Hassa, C., Manes, G., Vannella, L., Panella, C., Ierardi, E. and Zullo A. Worldwide H. pylori antibiotic resistance: a systematic review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2010;19(4): 409-414. 36. Tomb, JF., White, O., Kerlavage, AR., et al. The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Nature, 1997;388: 539-547. 37. Isreal, DA., Salama, M.and Krishna, U., Helicobacter pylori genetic diversity within the gastric niche of a single human host Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019 98(25):14625-14630. 38. Kato, T., Yagi, N., Kamada T., Shembo T., Watanabe. H. and Ida. K. Study Group for Establishing Endoscopic Diagnosis of Chronic Gastritis, Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa by endoscopic features: a multicenter prospective study. Dig Endosc. 2013; 25(5): 508-518. 39. Lu, JJ., Perng, CL., Shyu, RY., Chen, CH., Q. Lou, Q. et al., “Comparison of Five PCR Methods for Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in Gastric Tissues,” Journal of clinical microbiology. 1990, 37(3): 772-774. 40. Hoshina, SM., Kahn, W. Jian et al., “Direct detection and amplification of Helicobacter pylori ribosomal 16S gene segments from gastric endoscopic biopsies,” Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 1990, 13(6): 473-479. 41. Johanson, JS., Spakowics, DJ., Bo-Yung, H., Petrsin, LM., Demkowics, P, Chin, L., Leopold, SR., Hanson, BM., Agresta, HO., Grestain, M., Sodergren, E., Wainstock, GM. Evaluation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species and strain-level microbiome analysis. Nature Communication,2019;10:1038-1049. 42. Babaei, A., Bhargava, V., Aalam, S., Scadeng, M., and Mittal, RK. Effect of proton pump inhibition on the gastric volume: assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.2009; 29(8): 863–870. 43. Gustavson, LE., Kaiser, JK., Edmonds, AL., Locke, CS., DeBartolo, ML. and Schneck, DW. Effect of omeprazole on concentrations of clarithromycin in plasma and gastric tissue at steady state. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1995;39(9):2078-2083. 44. Li, J. and Perez Perez, GI. Is There a Role for the Non-Helicobacter pylori Bacteria in the Risk of Developing Gastric Cancer? Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(5):1353-1362. 45. Firmida, MC., Pereirs, RH., Silva, EA., Marques, EA. and Lopes, AJ. Clinical impact od Achromobcter xylosoxidans colonization/infection in patient with cystic fibrosis. Braz. J. Med. Biol.Res,2016;49(4):e5097. 46. Lambiase, A., Catania, MR., del Pezzo, M., Rossano, F., Terlizzi, V., Sepe, A. and Raia, V. Achromobacter xylosoxidans respiratory tract infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2011; 30(8): 973-980. 47. Dupont, C., Jumas-Bilak, E., Michon, AL., Chiron, R. and Marchandin H. Impact of High Diversity of Achromobacter Populations within Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Samples on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. J. Clin. Microbiol, 2017;55(1):206–215. 48. Trancassini, M., Iebba, V., Citerà, N., Tuccio, V., Magni, A., Varesi, P. and Schippa. S. Outbreak of Achromobacter xylosoxidans in an Italian Cystic fibrosis center: genome variability, biofilm production, antibiotic resistance, and motility in isolated strains. Front Microbiol ,2014:5:138-146. 49. Ma, JL., Zhang, L., Brown, LM., Li, JY., Shen, L. and Pan, KF. Fifteen-year effects of Helicobacter pylori, garlic, and vitamin treatments on gastric cancer incidence and mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012; 104(6): 488–92. 50. Robinson, KM., Crabtree, J., Mattick, JS., Anderson, KE. and Dunning Hotopp, JC., Distinguishing potential bacteria-tumor associations from contamination in a secondary data analysis of public cancer genome sequence data. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):9-24. 51. Firmida M, Marques E, Leão R, Pereira R, Rodrigues E, Albano R, Folescu T, Bernardo V, Daltro P, Capone D, and Lopes, A. Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection in cystic fibrosis siblings with different outcomes: Case reports. Respir Med Case Rep, 2017;20: 98-103. 52. Leclercq, R., Cantón, R., Brown, DF., Giske, CG., Heisig, P., MacGowan, AP., Mouton, JW., Nordmann, P., Rodloff, AC., Rossolini, GM., Soussy, C., Steinbakk, M., Winstanley, TG. and Kahlmeter, G. EUCAST expert rules in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2013; 19:141–160. 53. Tanaka, K., Fujiya, M., Sakagami, A., Fujibayashi, S., Nomura, Y., Ueno, N. et al. Second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication causing antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrobe. 2017; 16(1):54-58. 54. Kim, Y., Park, J., Lee, K., Yunand, H. and Kim, J. A Case of Acute Phlegmonous Gastritis Causing Gastroparesis and Cured with Medical Treatment Alone. Korean J Gastroenterol, 2011;57(5): 309-314. 55. 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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Shadan A. Al-wendawı

Publication Date June 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020Volume: 9

Cite

APA Al-wendawı, S. A. (2020). Diagnosis of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Klebseilla oxytoca as Etiological Agents of Peptic Ulcers. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, 9, 31-40.