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Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activities of Disinfectants on Human Healthy Cells

Year 2021, Volume: 12 , 39 - 44, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1038356

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic, including our country, has affected 34 million people around the world and caused high death rates and still is. One of the most important points in this process is disinfection, and both surface and air disinfectants have been used frequently. Disinfectants, which are extremely diversified in the market, have started to create danger while protecting us from the virus. It is known that the disinfectants used prevent the contagion of the virus, but we do not have clear information about whether they have destructive effects on the healthy cells of the people who use them. Therefore, in our study, it was aimed to determine the effects of hand disinfectants produced by various brands on our healthy cells. In our study, first of all, the most widely used disinfectants were obtained from the market, and then the cytotoxic (lethal) activity of these disinfectants on healthy cells was determined by in vitro MTT ((3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) analysis. As a result of this study, it was observed that apart from the disinfectant containing hypochlorous acid, other disinfectants have cytotoxic activity against healthy human cells. Despite the increasing need during the pandemic process, we recommend that these disinfectant substances, which are put on the market in large numbers and in a wide variety, should be inspected and necessary measures should be taken so that they can be sold after passing through the quality control stages.

References

  • Ale, I. S., & Maibach, H. I. (2014). Irritant contact dermatitis.Reviews on environmental health, 29(3), 195-206..
  • Abbasoglu, U. (2007). Dezenfektanların mikroorganizmalar üzerine etkinliğini ölçen testler. 5. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi, Türkiye, 41-62.
  • Abu-Soud, H. M., Maitra, D., Shaeib, F., Khan, S. N., Byun, J., Abdulhamid, I., ... & Pennathur, S. (2014). Disruption of heme-peptide covalent cross-linking in mammalian peroxidases by hypochlorous acid. Journal of inorganic biochemistry, 140, 245-254.
  • Alev, C. (2014). Dezenfektan etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan dilüsyonnötralizasyon ve membran filtrasyon yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması, [Uzmanlık Tezi], Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Bölümü.
  • Beşirbellioğlu, B. A. (2007). Sars Kuşkulu ve Damlacık Çekirdeği ile Bulaşan İnfeksiyonlarda DAS Yönetimi. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi, 5, 4-8.
  • Chen, T. (2020). A Rapid Review of Disinfectant Chemical Exposures and Health Effects During COVID-19 Pandemic. BC: National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health, Vancouver, Canada
  • Dindarloo, K., Aghamolaei, T., Ghanbarnejad, A., Turki, H., Hoseinvandtabar, S., Pasalari, H., & Ghaffari, H. R. (2020). Pattern of disinfectants use and their adverse effects on the consumers after COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 18(2), 1301-1310.
  • Favero, M. S. (1991). Sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis in the hospital. Manual of clinical microbiology, 183-200.
  • Lai, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J., & Hsueh, P. R. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 55(3), 105924.
  • Mustafa, M., & Öztürk, G. F. (1995). Süt işletmelerinde sanitasyon:(Temizlik ve dezenfeksiyon). Ege Üniversitesi.
  • Mısırlı, F. (2009). Gıda üretim tesislerindeki farklı yüzeylere uygulanan değişik içerikli dezenfektanların bazı patojen mikroorganizmalar üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması, [Yüksek Lisans Tezi], İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Mosdam, T. (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxic assay. J. Immunol. Methods, 65, 55-63. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4. PMID: 6606682.
  • Ohnuma, A., Yoshida, T., Horiuchi, H., Fukumori, J., Tomita, M., Kojima, S., Takahashi, N., Fukuyama, T., Hayashi, K., Yamaguchi, S., Ohtsuka, R., Kashimoto, Y., Kuwahara, M., Takeda, M., Kosaka, T., Nakashima, N., Harada, T. (2011). Altered pulmonary defense system in lung injury induced by didecyldimethylammonium chloride in mice. Inhalation toxicology, 23(8), 476-485. doi: 10.3109/08958378.2011.584080. PMID: 21689009.
  • Öztürk, R. (2002). Antiseptik ve dezenfektan maddelere karşı direnç Sorunu. Sterilizasyon dezenfeksiyon ve hastane infeksiyonları. İÜ Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Klinik Bakteriyoloji ve Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları AD. İstanbul.
  • Ruiz Oropeza, A., Fischer Friis, U., & Duus Johansen, J. (2011). Occupational contact urticaria caused by didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. Contact Dermatitis, 64(5), 297-298. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01882.x. PMID: 21480919.
  • Sagripanti, J. L., & Bonifacino, A. (1999). Bacterial spores survive treatment with commercial sterilants and disinfectants. Applied and environmental microbiology, 65(9), 4255-4260.
  • Sagripanti, J. L., & Bonifacino, A. (2000). Cytotoxicity of liquid disinfectants. Surgical infections, 1(1), 3-14.
  • Stroman, D. W., Mintun, K., Epstein, A. B., Brimer, C. M., Patel, C. R., Branch, J. D., & Najafi-Tagol, K. (2017). Reduction in bacterial load using hypochlorous acid hygiene solution on ocular skin. Clinical Ophthalmology, 11, 707. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S132851
  • Su, F.C., Friesen, M.C., Humann, M., Stefaniak, A.B., Stanton, M.L., Liang, X., LeBouf, R.F., Henneberger, P.K., Virji, M.A. (2019). Clustering asthma symptoms and cleaning and disinfecting activities and evaluating their associations among healthcare workers. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 222(5), 873-883. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2019. 04.001.
  • Tan, S. W., & Oh, C. C. (2020). Contact Dermatitis from Hand Hygiene Practices in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Acad Med Singap, 49, 674-76. PMID: 33241256.
  • Wilhelm, K. P. (1996). Prevention of surfactant-induced irritant contact dermatitis. Prevention of Contact Dermatitis, 25, 78-85.
Year 2021, Volume: 12 , 39 - 44, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1038356

Abstract

References

  • Ale, I. S., & Maibach, H. I. (2014). Irritant contact dermatitis.Reviews on environmental health, 29(3), 195-206..
  • Abbasoglu, U. (2007). Dezenfektanların mikroorganizmalar üzerine etkinliğini ölçen testler. 5. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi, Türkiye, 41-62.
  • Abu-Soud, H. M., Maitra, D., Shaeib, F., Khan, S. N., Byun, J., Abdulhamid, I., ... & Pennathur, S. (2014). Disruption of heme-peptide covalent cross-linking in mammalian peroxidases by hypochlorous acid. Journal of inorganic biochemistry, 140, 245-254.
  • Alev, C. (2014). Dezenfektan etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan dilüsyonnötralizasyon ve membran filtrasyon yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması, [Uzmanlık Tezi], Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Bölümü.
  • Beşirbellioğlu, B. A. (2007). Sars Kuşkulu ve Damlacık Çekirdeği ile Bulaşan İnfeksiyonlarda DAS Yönetimi. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi, 5, 4-8.
  • Chen, T. (2020). A Rapid Review of Disinfectant Chemical Exposures and Health Effects During COVID-19 Pandemic. BC: National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health, Vancouver, Canada
  • Dindarloo, K., Aghamolaei, T., Ghanbarnejad, A., Turki, H., Hoseinvandtabar, S., Pasalari, H., & Ghaffari, H. R. (2020). Pattern of disinfectants use and their adverse effects on the consumers after COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 18(2), 1301-1310.
  • Favero, M. S. (1991). Sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis in the hospital. Manual of clinical microbiology, 183-200.
  • Lai, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J., & Hsueh, P. R. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 55(3), 105924.
  • Mustafa, M., & Öztürk, G. F. (1995). Süt işletmelerinde sanitasyon:(Temizlik ve dezenfeksiyon). Ege Üniversitesi.
  • Mısırlı, F. (2009). Gıda üretim tesislerindeki farklı yüzeylere uygulanan değişik içerikli dezenfektanların bazı patojen mikroorganizmalar üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması, [Yüksek Lisans Tezi], İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Mosdam, T. (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxic assay. J. Immunol. Methods, 65, 55-63. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4. PMID: 6606682.
  • Ohnuma, A., Yoshida, T., Horiuchi, H., Fukumori, J., Tomita, M., Kojima, S., Takahashi, N., Fukuyama, T., Hayashi, K., Yamaguchi, S., Ohtsuka, R., Kashimoto, Y., Kuwahara, M., Takeda, M., Kosaka, T., Nakashima, N., Harada, T. (2011). Altered pulmonary defense system in lung injury induced by didecyldimethylammonium chloride in mice. Inhalation toxicology, 23(8), 476-485. doi: 10.3109/08958378.2011.584080. PMID: 21689009.
  • Öztürk, R. (2002). Antiseptik ve dezenfektan maddelere karşı direnç Sorunu. Sterilizasyon dezenfeksiyon ve hastane infeksiyonları. İÜ Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Klinik Bakteriyoloji ve Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları AD. İstanbul.
  • Ruiz Oropeza, A., Fischer Friis, U., & Duus Johansen, J. (2011). Occupational contact urticaria caused by didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. Contact Dermatitis, 64(5), 297-298. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01882.x. PMID: 21480919.
  • Sagripanti, J. L., & Bonifacino, A. (1999). Bacterial spores survive treatment with commercial sterilants and disinfectants. Applied and environmental microbiology, 65(9), 4255-4260.
  • Sagripanti, J. L., & Bonifacino, A. (2000). Cytotoxicity of liquid disinfectants. Surgical infections, 1(1), 3-14.
  • Stroman, D. W., Mintun, K., Epstein, A. B., Brimer, C. M., Patel, C. R., Branch, J. D., & Najafi-Tagol, K. (2017). Reduction in bacterial load using hypochlorous acid hygiene solution on ocular skin. Clinical Ophthalmology, 11, 707. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S132851
  • Su, F.C., Friesen, M.C., Humann, M., Stefaniak, A.B., Stanton, M.L., Liang, X., LeBouf, R.F., Henneberger, P.K., Virji, M.A. (2019). Clustering asthma symptoms and cleaning and disinfecting activities and evaluating their associations among healthcare workers. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 222(5), 873-883. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2019. 04.001.
  • Tan, S. W., & Oh, C. C. (2020). Contact Dermatitis from Hand Hygiene Practices in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Acad Med Singap, 49, 674-76. PMID: 33241256.
  • Wilhelm, K. P. (1996). Prevention of surfactant-induced irritant contact dermatitis. Prevention of Contact Dermatitis, 25, 78-85.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Basak Sımıtcıoglu

Isik Didem Karagoz

Ibrahim Halil Kılıc

Mehmet Ozaslan

Early Pub Date September 5, 2021
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 12

Cite

APA Sımıtcıoglu, B., Karagoz, I. D., Kılıc, I. H., Ozaslan, M. (2021). Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activities of Disinfectants on Human Healthy Cells. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, 12, 39-44. https://doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1038356