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Year 2021, Volume: 12 , 17 - 27, 31.12.2021

Katsina Christopher Bala Sadiq Sius Lawal Nuhu A. Ademoh Asipita S. Abdulrahman Oyewole Adedıpe

https://doi.org/10.55549/epstem.991311

Abstract

References

  • Abutu, J., Lawal, S. A., Ndaliman, M. B., Lafia-Araga., R. A., Adedipe, O., & Choudhury, I. A. (2018). Effects of process parameters on the properties of brake pad developed from seashell as reinforcement material using grey relational analysis, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 21,787–797.
  • Ademoh, N. A., & Abdullahi, A. T., (2010). Evaluation of the effective braking conditions for grade 3 Nigerian Acacia species bonded foundry sand cores, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2(6), 504 – 507.
  • Aderiye, J. (2014). Kaolin Mineral Material for Automobile Ceramic Brake Pad Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Research, 2(3), 84 - 88.
  • Aigbodion, V. S, & Agunsoye, J. O. (2010). Bagasse (Sugarcane waste): Non-asbestos free brake pad materials. Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, ISBN 978-3-8433-8194-9.
  • Akinhami, T.F., (2008), Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of cashew nut (Anacardium Occidentale) oil and cashew nut shell liquid. Agricultural,Food and Environmental Science, 2(1) 1-10
  • Bala, K. C., Okoli, M., & Abolarin, M. S. (2016). Development of automobile brake lining using pulverized cow hooves. Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 15(28), 95 – 108.
  • Bart-Plange, A., Mohammed-Kamil, A. P.,Addo A., & Teye, E., (2012), Some physical and mechanical properties of cashew nut and kernel growth in Ghana; International Journal of Science and Nature, 3(2) 406-415.
  • Bashar, D., Peter B. M., & Joseph, M. (2012). Effect of material selection and production of a cold–worked composite brake pad. Journal of Engineering of a Pure and Applied Science, 2(3), 92 - 99.
  • Blau, J. P. (2001). Compositions, functions and testing of friction brake materials and their additives. Being a report by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for U.S. Dept. of Energy. http://www.Ornl.- gov/-webworks/cppr/y2001/rpt/112956.pdf, 78 – 80.
  • Deepika, K., Reddy, C., & Ramana Reddy, D. (2013). Fabrication and performance evaluation of a composite material for wear resistance application. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), 2(6), 1 – 6.
  • Edokpia, R. O., Aigbodion, V. S., Obiorah, O. B., & Atuanya, C. U. (2014). Evaluation of the properties of ecofriendly brake pad using egg shell particles–Gum Arabic. Science Direct®, Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.06.003.
  • Finelib.com, (2019). Gum Arabic producing states in Nigeria and its uses. Retrieved from https://www.finelib.com
  • Fono–Tamo, R. S., & Koya, O. A. (2013). Evaluation of mechanical properties of friction pad developed from agricultural waste. International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, 2(154), 2278–7763.
  • Idah, P. A., Simeon M. I., & Muhammed M. A., (2014). Extraction and characterization of cashew nut (Anacardium Occidentale) oil and cashew shell liquid oil. Academic Research International,5(3) 50-54.
  • Idris, U. D., Aigbodion, V. S., Abubakar, I. J., & Nwoye, C. I. (2015). Eco-friendly asbestos free brake-pad: using banana peels. Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences, 27, 185 – 192.
  • Lawal, S. S. (2021). Development and Characterization of Automobile Brake Pads from Cashew Nut Shells and Plant Gum Binder. PhD Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State.
  • Lomonaco D., Mazzatto S. E., & Mele G., (2017). Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL): From an agro-industrial waste to sustainable alternative to petrochemical resources. Springer International Publishing AG.P. Anikumari. https://doi.org/101007/978-319-474557-2.
  • Ohler, J.G., (1979) Cashew. Department of agricultural research, royal tropical institute, Amsterdam.
  • Okele A. I., Mamza P. A. P., Nkeoye P., & Marut A. J., (2016). Mechanical properties of cashew nut shell powder (CSNP) filled natural rubber volcanizate. Chemical Technology: An Indian Journal (CTIJ) 11(2) 36-42.
  • Olife, I.C., Jolaoso, M.A., & Onwualu, A.P.,(2013). Cashew processing for economic development in Nigeria. Agricultural Journal, 8(1), 45-50.
  • Reuters/Mohammed Nureldin Abdallah/File. (2012). Gum Arabic is seen on an Acacia trees in the western Sudanese town of El-Nahud that lies in the main farming state of North Kordofan.
  • Sadiq, S. L., Nuhu, A. A., Bala, K. C., & Abdulrahman, A. S. (2020). Production and testing of brake pad composites made from cashew nut shells and plant gum binder. Journal of The Nigerian Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 9(2) 54-63.
  • Teye, E., & Abano, E. E. (2012). Physical properties of two varieties of sweet potato grown in the coastal savannah zone of Ghana. International Journal of Science and nature, 3 (1) 105-109.
  • Tunde, M. (2018). The economic, social and environmental relevance of gum Arabic with a focus on the major challenges and opportunities for producing countries of Africa: A case study of Nigeria. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Round Table: The Economics of Gum Arabic in Africa.
  • Yawas, D. S., Aku, S. Y., & Amaren, S. G. (2016). Morphology and properties of periwinkle shell asbestos–free brake pad. Journal of King Saud University– Engineering Sciences, 28, 103 – 109.
  • Yiyo, K., Taho, Y., & Guan, W. H. (2008).The use of a grey-based Taguchi method for optimizing multi-response simulation problems, Eng. Optim. 40 (6) 517–528.

Effects of Nigerian Plant Gum Binder in the Optimized Multi-response Performance of Cashew Nut Shells Based Composites for Automobile Brake Pads

Year 2021, Volume: 12 , 17 - 27, 31.12.2021

Katsina Christopher Bala Sadiq Sius Lawal Nuhu A. Ademoh Asipita S. Abdulrahman Oyewole Adedıpe

https://doi.org/10.55549/epstem.991311

Abstract

There are emerging growing needs to develop automobile brake pad materials from agro-biomass sustainable sources which are lung and environmentally friendly towards replacing asbestos which has been reported to cause other cancerous diseases. It has been established that many research works have been done towards replacing asbestos with other environmentally friendly reinforcement materials but not much has been reported on the replacement of inorganic resins like Phenolic or Formedehyde and the epoxy resins mostly used as the binder which have toxic health concerns and also known to corrode plates of brake pad assembly. Therefore, Agro-biomass such as agricultural residues, wastes and products especially from fibers and plant exudates have now emerged as the new and inexpensive materials that could be used to form parts of brake pads composite matrix that are commercially viable and environmentally acceptable. This study reveals a substitute research direction with the replacement of the inorganic resin binder with Plant Gum binder like the Nigerian Gum Arabic-NGA. Taguchi Design of Experimental method was deployed to generate twenty seven (27) trial composites of particle size 300 μm for the brake pads production. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) from the optimized Grey Relational Analysis indicated that the Nigerian Gum Arabic-NGA has significant effects on the multi-response performance of the developed brake pads with percentage contribution (p-value) of 18.503%.

Keywords

Brake-pad Binder Plant-Gum Taguchi Composites Brake-pad, Binder, Plant-Gum, Taguchi, Composites

References

  • Abutu, J., Lawal, S. A., Ndaliman, M. B., Lafia-Araga., R. A., Adedipe, O., & Choudhury, I. A. (2018). Effects of process parameters on the properties of brake pad developed from seashell as reinforcement material using grey relational analysis, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 21,787–797.
  • Ademoh, N. A., & Abdullahi, A. T., (2010). Evaluation of the effective braking conditions for grade 3 Nigerian Acacia species bonded foundry sand cores, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2(6), 504 – 507.
  • Aderiye, J. (2014). Kaolin Mineral Material for Automobile Ceramic Brake Pad Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Research, 2(3), 84 - 88.
  • Aigbodion, V. S, & Agunsoye, J. O. (2010). Bagasse (Sugarcane waste): Non-asbestos free brake pad materials. Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, ISBN 978-3-8433-8194-9.
  • Akinhami, T.F., (2008), Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of cashew nut (Anacardium Occidentale) oil and cashew nut shell liquid. Agricultural,Food and Environmental Science, 2(1) 1-10
  • Bala, K. C., Okoli, M., & Abolarin, M. S. (2016). Development of automobile brake lining using pulverized cow hooves. Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 15(28), 95 – 108.
  • Bart-Plange, A., Mohammed-Kamil, A. P.,Addo A., & Teye, E., (2012), Some physical and mechanical properties of cashew nut and kernel growth in Ghana; International Journal of Science and Nature, 3(2) 406-415.
  • Bashar, D., Peter B. M., & Joseph, M. (2012). Effect of material selection and production of a cold–worked composite brake pad. Journal of Engineering of a Pure and Applied Science, 2(3), 92 - 99.
  • Blau, J. P. (2001). Compositions, functions and testing of friction brake materials and their additives. Being a report by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for U.S. Dept. of Energy. http://www.Ornl.- gov/-webworks/cppr/y2001/rpt/112956.pdf, 78 – 80.
  • Deepika, K., Reddy, C., & Ramana Reddy, D. (2013). Fabrication and performance evaluation of a composite material for wear resistance application. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), 2(6), 1 – 6.
  • Edokpia, R. O., Aigbodion, V. S., Obiorah, O. B., & Atuanya, C. U. (2014). Evaluation of the properties of ecofriendly brake pad using egg shell particles–Gum Arabic. Science Direct®, Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.06.003.
  • Finelib.com, (2019). Gum Arabic producing states in Nigeria and its uses. Retrieved from https://www.finelib.com
  • Fono–Tamo, R. S., & Koya, O. A. (2013). Evaluation of mechanical properties of friction pad developed from agricultural waste. International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, 2(154), 2278–7763.
  • Idah, P. A., Simeon M. I., & Muhammed M. A., (2014). Extraction and characterization of cashew nut (Anacardium Occidentale) oil and cashew shell liquid oil. Academic Research International,5(3) 50-54.
  • Idris, U. D., Aigbodion, V. S., Abubakar, I. J., & Nwoye, C. I. (2015). Eco-friendly asbestos free brake-pad: using banana peels. Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences, 27, 185 – 192.
  • Lawal, S. S. (2021). Development and Characterization of Automobile Brake Pads from Cashew Nut Shells and Plant Gum Binder. PhD Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State.
  • Lomonaco D., Mazzatto S. E., & Mele G., (2017). Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL): From an agro-industrial waste to sustainable alternative to petrochemical resources. Springer International Publishing AG.P. Anikumari. https://doi.org/101007/978-319-474557-2.
  • Ohler, J.G., (1979) Cashew. Department of agricultural research, royal tropical institute, Amsterdam.
  • Okele A. I., Mamza P. A. P., Nkeoye P., & Marut A. J., (2016). Mechanical properties of cashew nut shell powder (CSNP) filled natural rubber volcanizate. Chemical Technology: An Indian Journal (CTIJ) 11(2) 36-42.
  • Olife, I.C., Jolaoso, M.A., & Onwualu, A.P.,(2013). Cashew processing for economic development in Nigeria. Agricultural Journal, 8(1), 45-50.
  • Reuters/Mohammed Nureldin Abdallah/File. (2012). Gum Arabic is seen on an Acacia trees in the western Sudanese town of El-Nahud that lies in the main farming state of North Kordofan.
  • Sadiq, S. L., Nuhu, A. A., Bala, K. C., & Abdulrahman, A. S. (2020). Production and testing of brake pad composites made from cashew nut shells and plant gum binder. Journal of The Nigerian Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 9(2) 54-63.
  • Teye, E., & Abano, E. E. (2012). Physical properties of two varieties of sweet potato grown in the coastal savannah zone of Ghana. International Journal of Science and nature, 3 (1) 105-109.
  • Tunde, M. (2018). The economic, social and environmental relevance of gum Arabic with a focus on the major challenges and opportunities for producing countries of Africa: A case study of Nigeria. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Round Table: The Economics of Gum Arabic in Africa.
  • Yawas, D. S., Aku, S. Y., & Amaren, S. G. (2016). Morphology and properties of periwinkle shell asbestos–free brake pad. Journal of King Saud University– Engineering Sciences, 28, 103 – 109.
  • Yiyo, K., Taho, Y., & Guan, W. H. (2008).The use of a grey-based Taguchi method for optimizing multi-response simulation problems, Eng. Optim. 40 (6) 517–528.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Katsina Christopher Bala

Sadiq Sius Lawal

Nuhu A. Ademoh

Asipita S. Abdulrahman

Oyewole Adedıpe

Early Pub Date September 5, 2021
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 12

Cite

APA Bala, K. C., Lawal, S. S., Ademoh, N. A., Abdulrahman, A. S., et al. (2021). Effects of Nigerian Plant Gum Binder in the Optimized Multi-response Performance of Cashew Nut Shells Based Composites for Automobile Brake Pads. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, 12, 17-27. https://doi.org/10.55549/epstem.991311
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