Abstract
References
- 3GPP Global Initiative. (2021). "3rd generation partnership project; technical specification group radio access network; NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 1: Range 1 Standalone (Release 17)". 3GPP TS 38.101-1 V17.2.0 (2021-06). (pp. 24).
- 3GPP Global Initiative. (2017). "3rd generation partnership project; technical specification group radio access network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Further advancements for E-UTRA physical layer aspects (Release 9)". 3GPP TR 36.814 V9.2.0 (2017-03)
- Björnson, E., Sanguinetti, L. Hoydis, J., & Debbah, M. (2015, June). "Optimal design of energy-efficient multi-user MIMO systems: Is massive MIMO the answer?" IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication., 14(6), (pp. 3059–3075).
- Björnson, E., Sanguinetti, L., & Kountouris, M. (2016, April). "Deploying dense networks for maximal energy efficiency: small cells meet massive MIMO". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 34(4), 832-847.
- Chatzipapas, A., Alouf, S., & Mancuso, V. (2011). "On the minimization of power consumption in base stations using on/off power amplifiers". In IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (pp. 18-23). IEEE.
Abstract
5G has a lot of potential opportunities for bringing new capabilities and network efficiencies. Moreover, with these opportunities, energy efficiency plays a vital role in delivering cost-efficient networks in operations. This paper discusses the impact of 5G massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology on network energy efficiency by utilizing the 5G spectrum band and a 5G massive MIMO antenna. A multi-cell, multi-user, 5G massive MIMO system integrated into an existing network is assumed to obtain the impact on energy efficiency given an optimal number of users and at an operational power consumption of an actual 5G antenna system. Using 5G massive MIMO works well on both zero-forcing (ZF) in the single-cell, perfect channel state information (CSI), and imperfect CSI scenarios, which all yielded high energy efficiency values. Based on the simulation, minimum mean square error (MMSE) processing did not contribute much to the energy efficiency improvement, unlike maximum ratio transmission/combining (MRT/MRC). Because of the wider bandwidth, the network was opened up to more user equipments (UEs) but statistically selected those with less interference to camp to the network at a higher throughput to limit the possibility of creating interference. The incremental power induced to the network due to more radio frequency (RF) chains has affected the power consumption and impacted the overall energy efficiency. New models must be created for future research considering end-to-end network parameters to derive optimal energy efficiency.
Keywords
5G network Massive MIMO Energy efficiency Multi-user Multi-cell Single-cell Coherence block Downlink Uplink Total noise power
References
- 3GPP Global Initiative. (2021). "3rd generation partnership project; technical specification group radio access network; NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 1: Range 1 Standalone (Release 17)". 3GPP TS 38.101-1 V17.2.0 (2021-06). (pp. 24).
- 3GPP Global Initiative. (2017). "3rd generation partnership project; technical specification group radio access network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Further advancements for E-UTRA physical layer aspects (Release 9)". 3GPP TR 36.814 V9.2.0 (2017-03)
- Björnson, E., Sanguinetti, L. Hoydis, J., & Debbah, M. (2015, June). "Optimal design of energy-efficient multi-user MIMO systems: Is massive MIMO the answer?" IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication., 14(6), (pp. 3059–3075).
- Björnson, E., Sanguinetti, L., & Kountouris, M. (2016, April). "Deploying dense networks for maximal energy efficiency: small cells meet massive MIMO". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 34(4), 832-847.
- Chatzipapas, A., Alouf, S., & Mancuso, V. (2011). "On the minimization of power consumption in base stations using on/off power amplifiers". In IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (pp. 18-23). IEEE.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Software Architecture |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | August 4, 2023 |
| Publication Date | September 1, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023Volume: 22 |
