The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

Abstract

This study addresses the pressing challenge of substantial waste generation during the extraction
and processing of critical raw materials (CRMs), which are essential for emerging technologies and the
transition to a sustainable economy. While previous research has documented individual technologies and
practices, it has often lacked an integrated, cross-regional perspective and a strategic framework for
implementation. To fill this gap, this study develops an integrated conceptual model of zero-waste mining
systems, informed by a systematic comparative analysis of innovative technologies and best practices from
Europe, Australia, and Canada. The research adopts a mixed-method approach combining a comprehensive
literature review, in-depth case studies, and a strategic SWOT analysis to evaluate the feasibility, scalability, and
transferability of advanced waste-reduction technologies. Key findings demonstrate that precision mining
techniques, sensor-based selective extraction, advanced flotation and leaching methods, and tailings valorization
can significantly reduce waste—by up to 60%—while enhancing resource recovery and generating additional
economic value. The proposed conceptual model synthesizes these practices within the circular economic
framework, emphasizing the need for technological integration, supportive regulatory environments, and crossindustry collaboration. This study contributes to the literature by offering a systematic, cross-regional synthesis
of innovative CRM waste-reduction strategies and proposing a transferable model that bridges the gap between
descriptive case evidence and actionable strategies for sustainable mining. The findings provide both theoretical
and practical insights, supporting policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in advancing circular economy
principles in the CRM sector