Green Hydrogen Production by Photovoltaic Energy

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive MATLAB-based simulation study of hydrogen production powered by photovoltaic (PV) energy systems. The proposed model integrates several key subsystems including solar irradiance modeling, photovoltaic array electrical characteristics, electrolyzer operation, hydrogen production rate estimation, and overall system efficiency evaluation from PV generation to hydrogen output (PV–to–H₂). The simulation framework allows the analysis of the dynamic behavior of the system under varying environmental conditions such as solar radiation and temperature. Particular attention is given to the performance of the electrolyzer and its interaction with the PV power source. In addition, the hydrogen flow rate and energy conversion efficiency are evaluated to assess the technical feasibility of the system. An economic analysis is also conducted using the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) as a key indicator for estimating the cost competitiveness of the proposed solution. The simulation results are carefully validated and compared across different operating scenarios reported in previous studies, showing good agreement and demonstrating the reliability of the developed MATLAB model. The proposed approach provides a useful tool for evaluating and optimizing renewable-based hydrogen production systems, particularly in regions with high solar potential such as Southern Algeria.