Research of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Senecio platyphyllus Using a UPLC‑MS Method

Abstract

The aim of the study was to study the chemical composition of the Georgian endemic plant Senecio platyphyllus, in particular, to develop methods for the identification and quantification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Senecio platyphyllus is rich in pyrrolizidine alkaloids (platyphylline, seneciphylline, sarracine, as well as the N-oxide form of platyphylline) and their content is present in all anatomical parts of the plant. It is known for its spasmolytic activity and is widely used in the therapy of pathologies of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The supercritical water extraction (SWE) method was used to prepare the samples, using water containing 2% sulfuric acid, which ensured maximum extraction of alkaloids. The extraction was performed twice, each with a 10-minute cycle, which was optimally selected considering both yield and analysis time efficiency. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids was performed using a UPLC-MS system (Waters UPLC Acquity QDa), which provided simultaneous, highly sensitive and specific determination of sarracine, senecifilline, platyphylline, and platyphylline N-oxide, based on calibration curves of standard compounds.