Next-Generation Multifunctional Composites: The Role of MXene Nanosheets in Enhancing Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Polymers

Abstract

 Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are indispensable in high-performance engineering sectors. This study investigates the potential of MXenes as advanced reinforcing agents for carbon, glass, basalt, and Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) epoxy composites. It presents a comparative analysis evaluating the effects of the primary MXene synthesis methods: Direct HF etching method and the Minimally Intensive Layer Delamination (MILD) method using LiF/HCl. Literature synthesis reveals that MXenes significantly enhance Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS), flexural modulus, and fracture toughness even at ultra-low concentrations through mechanisms such as crack deflection, bridging, and mechanical interlocking. Notably, interfacial modifications in UHMWPE composites have demonstrated a reported increase in Interfacial Shear Strength (IFSS). Beyond mechanical gains, MXenes provide multifunctional capabilities, including electromagnetic interference shielding and superior resistance to corrosive environments. This study concludes that, despite being an emerging area, the synergy between MXenes and fiber-reinforced epoxy polymers represents a promising approach for the development of next-generation multifunctional composites with high durability.