Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Technologies for Effective Prevention, Detection and Elimination of Choledocholithiasis

Abstract

Currently, the issues of effective prevention, detection and high-quality elimination of choledocholithiasis remain open. These issues have changed radically over the past 30 years after the significant spread of visualization using endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiography, endoscopy and laparoscopy, but still require additional clarification.We studied the possibilities of modern approaches and developments in biomedical engineering and biomedical technologies in patients with choledocholithiasis on the basis of the Department of Surgery and Urology of Dnipro State Medical University and the surgical departments of Clinical Hospital No. 6 of Dnipro (Ukraine).To detect choledocholithiasis, a whole arsenal of biomedical engineering and biomedical technologies is used: clinical and laboratory, biochemical, radiation and endoscopic research methods. The most informative diagnostic methods are ultrasound in combination with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, which are non-invasive, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Along with the generally accepted method of eliminating the problem, where laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, we used intraoperative fibrocholedochoscopy as a component of biomedical engineering and an auxiliary component of biomedical technologies in the effective elimination of choledocholithiasis.The result of using biomedical engineering components with biomedical technologies in our work, which was carried out for the period from 2018 to 2024, is: the duration of treatment when using modern diagnostic and minimally invasive technologies was 6.8±0.52 bed-days, mortality - 0.2%, while with open operations - 12.8±3.3 bed-days, mortality — 5.2%.The use of minimally invasive interventions allowed to reduce the number of traditional - "open" - operations for choledocholithiasis and significantly reduce the number of complications, mortality, and the duration of patient hospitalization, which emphasizes the great importance of using biomedical engineering developments together with biomedical technologies in the detection, prevention and elimination of choledocholithiasis in patients.